Chapter 31: Orthopaedic Injuries

Question 1

A simple joint where the bony projections of the scapula and the clavicle meet at the top of the shoulder

Answer 1

acromioclavicular (AC) joint

Question 2

A pearly layer of specialized cartilage covering the articular surfaces (contact surfaces on the ends) of bones in synovial joints

Answer 2

articular cartilage

Question 3

The heel bone

Answer 3

calcaneous

Question 4

A fracture in which the skin is not broken

Answer 4

closed fracture

Question 5

An elevation of pressure within a closed fascial compartment, characterized by extreme pain, decreased pain sensation, pain on stretching of affected muscles, and decreased power; frequently seen in fractures below the elbow or knee in children

Answer 5

compartment syndrome

Question 6

A grating or grinding sensation or sound caused by fractured bone ends or joints rubbing together

Answer 6

crepitus

Question 7

disruption of a joint in which ligaments are damaged and the bone ends are completely displaced

Answer 7

dislocation

Question 8

A fracture in which bone fragments are separated from one another and not in anatomic alignment

Answer 8

displaced fracture

Question 9

bruising or discoloration associated with bleeding within or under the skin

Answer 9

ecchymosis

Question 10

The outer and smaller bone of the two bones of the lower leg

Answer 10

fibula

Question 11

a break in the continuity of a bone

Answer 11

fracture

Question 12

The part of the scapula that joins with the humeral head to form the glenohumeral joint

Answer 12

glenoid fossa

Question 13

blood in the urine

Answer 13

hematuria

Question 14

the place where two bones come into contact

Answer 14

joint

Question 15

A simple crack in the bone that has not caused the bone to move from its normal anatomic position; also called a hairline fracture

Answer 15

nondisplaced fracture

Question 16

Any break in a bone in which the overlying skin has been damaged

Answer 16

open fracture

Question 17

used to splint the bony pelvis to reduce hemorrhage from bone ends, venous disruption, and pain

Answer 17

pelvic binders

Question 18

Tenderness that is sharply localized at the site of the injury, found by gently palpation alone the bone with the tip of one finger

Answer 18

point tenderness

Question 19

A hand position in which the wrist is slightly dorsiflexed and all finger joints are moderately flexed

Answer 19

position of function

Question 20

return a dislocated joint or fractured bone to its normal position; set

Answer 20

reduce

Question 21

The space between the abdominal cavity and the posterior abdominal wall, containing the kidneys, certain large vessels, and parts of the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 21

retroperitoneal space

Question 22

The major nerve to the lower extremities, controls much of muscle function in the leg and sensation in most of the leg and foot

Answer 22

sciatic nerve

Question 23

A bandage or material that helps to support the weight of an injured upper extremity

Answer 23

sling

Question 24

A flexible or rigid appliance used to protect and maintain the position of an injured extremity

Answer 24

splint

Question 25

A joint injury involving damage to supporting ligaments, and sometimes partial or temporary dislocation of bone ends

Answer 25

sprain

Question 26

Stretching or tearing of a muscle; also called a muscle pull

Answer 26

strain

Question 27

A partial or incomplete dislocation

Answer 27

subluxation

Question 28

A bandage that passes around the chest to secure an injured arm to the chest

Answer 28

swathe

Question 29

The larger of two lower leg bones responsible for supporting the major weight-bearing surface of the knee and the ankle; the shinbone

Answer 29

tibia

Question 30

The bleeding control method used when a would continues to bleed despite the use of direct pressure and elevation; useful if a patient is bleeding severely from a partial or complete amputation

Answer 30

tourniquet

Question 31

longitudinal force applied to a structure

Answer 31

traction

Question 32

The area of potentially damaged soft tissue, adjacent nerves, and blood vessels surrounding an injury to a bone or joint

Answer 32

zone of injury