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EMS Accelerated 2020 (Book Flashcards) > Chapter 15: Respiratory Emergencies > Flashcards

Chapter 15: Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

the buildup of excess acid in the blood or body tissues that results from a primary illness

A

acidosis

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2
Q

Abnormal breath sounds such as wheezes, rhonchi, and rales

A

adventitious breath sounds

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3
Q

The buildup of excess base (lack of acids) in the body fluids

A

alkalosis

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4
Q

A substance that causes an allergic reaction

A

allergen

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5
Q

An extreme, life-threatening systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure

A

anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock)

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6
Q

An acute spasm of the smaller air passages, called bronchioles, associated with excessive mucus production and with swelling of the mucous lining of the respiratory passages

A

asthma

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7
Q

Collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs

A

atelectasis

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8
Q

normal breath sounds made by air moving through the bronchi

A

bronchial breath sounds

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9
Q

Inflammation of the bronchioles that usually occurs in children younger than 2 years and is often caused by the respiratory syncytial virus

A

bronchiolitis

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10
Q

An acute or chronic inflammation of the lung that may damage lung tissue; usually associated with cough and production of sputum and, depending on its cause, sometimes fever

A

bronchitis

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11
Q

A condition characterized by a chronically high blood level of carbon dioxide in which the respiratory center no longer responds to high blood levels of carbon dioxide

A

carbon dioxide retention

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12
Q

An odorless, highly poisonous gas that results from incomplete oxidation of carbon in combustion

A

carbon monoxide

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13
Q

Irritation of the major lung passageways from infectious disease or irritants such as smoke

A

chronic bronchitis

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14
Q

A slow process of dilation and disruption of the airways and alveoli caused by chronic bronchial obstruction

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

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15
Q

A viral infection usually associated with swollen nasal mucous membranes and the production of fluid from the sinuses and nose

A

common cold

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16
Q

An inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory system that may cause a partial airway obstruction and is characterized by a barking cough; usually seen in children.

A

croup

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17
Q

An infectious disease in which a membrane forms, lining the pharynx; this lining can severely obstruct the passage of air into the larynx

A

diphtheria

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18
Q

shortness of breath or difficulty breathing

A

dyspnea

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19
Q

a blood clot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel where it causes a blockage

A

embolus

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20
Q

A disease of the lungs in which there is extreme dilation and eventual destruction of the pulmonary alveoli with poor exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide; it is one form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

emphysema

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21
Q

Occurs when new cases of a disease occur in a human population and substantially exceed what is “expected,” based on recent experience

A

epidemic

22
Q

A disease in which the epiglottis becomes inflamed and enlarged and may cause an upper airway obstruction

A

epiglottitis

23
Q

An allergic response usually to outdoor airborne allergens such as pollen or sometimes indoor allergens such as dust mites or pet dander; also called allergic rhinitis

A

hay fever

24
Q

rapid or deep breathing that lowers the blood carbon dioxide level below normal

A

hyperventilation

25
Q

This syndrome occurs in the absence of other physical problems. The respirations of a person who is experiencing this may be as high as 40 shallow breaths/min or as low as only 20 very deep breaths/min

A

hyperventilation syndrome (panic attack)

26
Q

A condition in which the body’s cells and tissues do not have enough oxygen

A

hypoxia

27
Q

backup system to control respirations when oxygen levels fall

A

hypoxic drive

28
Q

virus that has crossed the animal/human barrier and has infected humans, recently reaching a pandemic level with the H1N1 strain

A

influenza type A

29
Q

An inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord; can be highly contagious

A

meningococcal meningitis

30
Q

A miniature spray canister used to direct medications through the mouth and into the lungs

A

metered-does inhaler (MDI)

31
Q

A bacterium that can cause infections in different parts of the body; it is transmitted by different routes, including the respiratory route and is particularly dangerous because of its resistance to methicillin

A

methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

32
Q

The process of delivering oxygen to the blood

A

oxygenation

33
Q

An outbreak that occurs on a global scale

A

pandemic

34
Q

An airborne bacterial infection that affects mostly children younger than 6 years. Patients will be feverish and exhibit a “whoop” sound on inspiration after a coughing attack; highly contagious through droplet infection

A

pertussis (whooping cough)

35
Q

A collection of fluid between the lungs and chest wall that may compress the lung

A

pleural effusion

36
Q

Sharp, stabbing pain in the chest that is worsened by a deep breath or other chest wall movement; often caused by inflammation or irritation of the pleura

A

pleuritic chest pain

37
Q

An infectious disease of the lung that damages lung tissue

A

pneumonia

38
Q

inflammation of the lung

A

pneumonitis

39
Q

A partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space

A

pneumothorax

40
Q

A buildup of fluid in the lungs, usually as a result of congestive heart failure

A

pulmonary edema

41
Q

A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow

A

pulmonary embolism

42
Q

Crackling, rattling breath sounds signaling fluid in the air spaces of the lungs

A

rales

43
Q

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

respiration

44
Q

A virus that causes an infection of the lungs and breathing passages; can lead to other serious illnesses that affect the lungs or heart, such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. It is highly contagious and spread through droplets

A

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

45
Q

Coarse breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in the airways

A

rhonchi

46
Q

Potentially life-threatening viral infection that usually starts with flulike symptoms

A

severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

47
Q

A respiratory device device that holds liquid medicine that is turned into a fine mist. The patient inhales the medication into the airways and lungs as a treatment for conditions like asthma

A

small-volume nebulizer

48
Q

A harsh, high-pitched, barking respiratory sound often heard in acute laryngeal (upper airway) obstruction

A

stridor

49
Q

A disease that can lay dormant in a person’s lungs for decades, then reactivate; many strains are resistant to many antibiotics. It is spread by cough

A

tuberculosis (TB)

50
Q

Normal breath sounds made by air moving in and out of the alveoli

A

vesicular breath sounds

51
Q

A high-pitched whistling breath sound, characteristically heard on expiration in patients with asthma or COPD

A

wheezing

EMS Accelerated 2020 (Book Flashcards) (44 decks)

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