Chapter 29: Chest Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

Compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac, leading to decreased cardiac output

A

cardiac tamponade (pericardial tamponade)

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2
Q

An injury to the chest in which the skin is not broken, usually caused by blunt trauma

A

closed chest injury

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3
Q

A blunt chest injury caused by a sudden, direct blow to the chest that occurs only during the critical portion of a person’s heartbeat

A

commotio cordis

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4
Q

A condition in which two or more ribs are fractured in two or more places or in association with a fracture of the sternum so that a segment of the chest wall is effectively detached from the rest of the thoracic cage

A

flail chest

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5
Q

A one-way valve that allows air to leave the chest cavity but not return; formed by taping three sides of an occlusive dressing to the chest wall, leaving the fourth side open as a valve

A

flutter valve

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6
Q

the accumulation of blood and air in the pleural space of the chest

A

hemopneumothorax

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7
Q

A collection of blood in the pleural cavity

A

hemothorax

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8
Q

A bruise of the heart muscle

A

myocardial contusion

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9
Q

A dressing made of Vasoline-impregnated gauze, aluminum foil, or plastic that protects a wound from air and bacteria

A

occlusive dressing

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10
Q

An injury to the chest in which the chest wall itself is penetrated by a fractured rib or, more frequently, by an external object such as a bullet or knife

A

open chest injury

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11
Q

An open or penetrating chest wall wound through which air passes during inspiration and expiration, creating a sucking sound; also referred to as a sucking chest wound.

A

open pneumothorax

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12
Q

The motion of the portion of the chest wall that is detached in a flail chest; the motion–in during inhalation, out during exhalation–is exactly the opposite of normal chest wall motion during breathing

A

paradoxical motion

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13
Q

The fibrous sac that surrounds the heart

A

pericardium

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14
Q

An accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity

A

pneumothorax

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15
Q

Injury or bruising of lung tissue that results in hemorrhage

A

pulmonary contusion

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16
Q

Any pneumothorax that is free from significant physiologic changes and does not cause drastic changes in the vital signs of the patient

A

simple pneumothorax

17
Q

A pneumothorax that occurs when a weak area on the lung ruptures in the absence of major injury, allowing air to leak into the pleural space

A

spontaneous pneumothorax

18
Q

An open or penetrating wound through which air passes during inspiration and expiration, creating a sucking sound. See also open pneumothorax

A

sucking chest wound

19
Q

rapid respirations

A

tachypnea

20
Q

An accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity that progressively increases pressure in the chest that interferes which cardiac function with potentially fatal results

A

tension pneumothorax

21
Q

A pattern of injuries seen after a severe force is applied to the chest, forcing blood from the great vessels back into the head and neck

A

traumatic asphyxia