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Sociology > Chapter 3; What is Canadian Culture > Flashcards

Chapter 3; What is Canadian Culture Flashcards

1
Q

culture

A

the sum total of the social environment in which we are raised and continue to be socialized throughout our lives; includes shared and contested ideas, custom behaviours, and practices that shape the attitudes and behaviours of members of that culture

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2
Q

what are cultural universals and who conceptualized it?

A

George Murdock; common practices shared by all societies, ex. securing food, clothing, shelter, developing forms of communication/familial structures, implementing ways to use tools, coming up with means of self expression

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3
Q

postmodern lens of Canadian culture

A

multiple simultaneous Canadian “cultures”

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4
Q

what is social heritage and who conceptualized it?

A

William Fielding Ogburnhe the shared cultural traditions, beliefs, values, arts, and practices that are passed down through generations within a particular society

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5
Q

material culture

A

tangible/physical items people have created for use in/give meaning to a given culture, ex. clothing, consumer goods, housing, schools, places of worship, transportation, tools, art

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6
Q

non-material culture

A

intangibles stemming from intellectual and/or spiritual development, or the meaning people attach to artifacts, ex. language, knowledge, symbols, customs, morals, beliefs, practices

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7
Q

cultural diffusion

A

spread of material and non-material culture from one social group to another through communication, trade, intermarriage, immigration, and technology

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8
Q

cultural shock

A

sense of disorientation/confusion from being place in unfamiliar surroundings where things, practices, language, and rules are new or unknown

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9
Q

high culture

A

activities shared by the social elite

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10
Q

Pierre Bourdieu

A

cultural/educational practices lead to the social reproduction of classes

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11
Q

status symbol

A

material indicators of wealth/prestige

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12
Q

what is popular culture and how is it constructed?

A

well liked everyday practices and products, constructed via the media (famous people)

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13
Q

critical approach on pop culture

A

views it from the perspective of ideology

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14
Q

ideology

A

a set of ideas that support the needs/views of a particular group

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15
Q

conflict theorists view of pop culture

A

its a means for the ruling class to control their masses

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16
Q

Fiske

A

pop culture is in part negotiated by the masses

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17
Q

what are cultural omnivores and who conceptualized it?

A

Richard Peterson; those of high social standing who enjoy both high and pop culture

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18
Q

language

A

a shared system of communication that includes spoken, written, and signed forms of speech as well as nonverbal gestures used to convey meaning

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19
Q

linguistic determinism

A

language controls how humans think and therefore shape entire cultures

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20
Q

linguistic relativism

A

language has particular meaning with the given culture in which it occurs

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21
Q

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

A

takes the principles of linguistic determinism and relativism and asserts that language shapes reality/the language a person speaks can influence their worldview

22
Q

canadianisms

A

words and phrases uniques to Canadians, ex. tuque, washroom

23
Q

the nuances of language can be seen in what?

A

foreing marketing

24
Q

norms

A

expectations on how to think, act, and look

25
Q

what are folkways and what are they based on?

A

informal norms based on accepted traditions and centre on kindness/ politness/ demonstrates respect for the generalized other, ex. waiting in line for coffee, addressing people as their formal titles, ex. professor

26
Q

failure to comply with folkways results in what?

A

informal sanctions, ex. looks of disapproval

27
Q

what are mores and what is their purpose?

A

institutionalized norms embedded in laws (considered to embody fundamental views) used to maintain control in society, ex. formal legislation/laws

28
Q

taboos

A

mores that have such strong moral connotations they are considered wrong and of themselves, ex. cannibalism, incest, pedophilia

29
Q

failure to comply with mores and taboos results in what?

A

formal sanctions, ex.prison, fines, parole

30
Q

prescriptive norms

A

rules depicted behaviours we are expected to perform (prescribed behaviours), ex. covering a sneeze, respecting the rights of others, following appropriate authority at work/school

31
Q

proscriptive norms

A

rules outlining behaviours we are expected not to do, ex. talking with your mouth full, swearing in church, going to work high/drunk

32
Q

informal sanctions are often conveyed through what?

A

nonverbal communication, ex. dirty looks, middle finger, honking the horn. These gestures are non-universal but there are universal categories of what gestures mean(happy, angry)

33
Q

emblems

A

nonverbal gestures with direct verbal equivalents, ex. middle finger = fuck you, devil horns = rock on

34
Q

cultural values

A

collectively shared ideas about what is right and wrong

35
Q

7 common unifying Canadian values

A
  1. Belief in equality and fairness in a democratic society
  2. Belief in consultation and dialog; settling difference peacefully both at the individual and governmental level
  3. Accommodation and tolerance; need to sustain culture while attaching to Canada’s society, values, and institutions
  4. Diversity; overreaching principle for the multiculturalism act
  5. Compassion and generosity; supporting the collective via social service, healthcare, pensions, welcoming refugees
  6. Attachment to Canada’s natural beauty
  7. World peace; commitment to freedom, peace, and nonviolent change
    every cat acts dumb cats are weird
36
Q

Multiculturalism as a value

A

assumes all groups are inherently equal within a culture

37
Q

bill 21

A

designed to uphold French secularism by ensuring religious neutrality

38
Q

Functionalist Perspective on values and norms

A

shared cultural values are the foundation of society

39
Q

what are social facts and who conceptualized it?

A

Emile Durkheim; cultural values + norms; observable social phenomenon external to individuals and excerise power over them

40
Q

collective conscience

A

recurring pattern of respecting norms/ following them because they are internalized through early socialization

41
Q

internalized norms

A

people accepting and following cultural norms subconsciously

42
Q

Talcott Parsons

A

norms and values work together at a general level in the form of social institutions

43
Q

Conflict perspective on values and norms

A

there is a lack of correspondence and contradictions between cultural values and norms. ex. equality is valued but not all groups are treated equally

44
Q

ideal culture

A

cultural values that most people identify with, ex. environmental preservation

45
Q

real culture

A

actual practices engaged in, ex. oils sands destroying the environment

46
Q

what causes discrepancies between ideal and real culture?

A

quest for control, fighting over scarce resources, and cultural variations in the exsisting beliefs/practices of particular groups, ex. regionalism of French Canadians

47
Q

cultural relativism

A

understanding another culture sympathetically enough so that it appears to be a coherent/meaningful design for living

A society’s customs and ideas should be described objectively and should be understood within the context of that society’s problems and opportunities.

48
Q

ethnocentrism

A

tendency to believe that one’s cultural beliefs/practices are superior and should be used as the standard

49
Q

subculture

A

a group that can be differentiated from mainstream culture by differing traits involving language, norms, beliefs, and values; identified by shared traits, ex. food preferences (vegan), music interest, body art, recreation (internet groups), age (boomer)

50
Q

counterculture

A

type of subculture that strongly opposes core aspects of mainstream culture, ex. Hells angels, hippies

51
Q

cultural mosaic

A

blend of diverse groups and traditions coexisting

52
Q
A

Sociology (15 decks)

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