Chapter 3 - Vocabulary

Question 1

Amniotic Egg

Answer 1

an egg with an outer leathery or hard shell and specialized internal membranes that protect and nourish the embryo.

Question 2

Angiosperm

Answer 2

a plant that produces flowers; angiosperms form the largest group of living plants.

Question 3

Antheridium

Answer 3

the specialized structure on a gametophyte that produces sperm.

Question 4

Archegonium

Answer 4

the specialized structure on a gametophyte that produces eggs.

Question 5

Bilateral Symmetry

Answer 5

symmetry around a midline.

Question 6

Bryophyte

Answer 6

a small seedless plant that lacks vascular tissue.

Question 7

Charophyte

Answer 7

the common name for organisms in the order Charophyceae; green algae in the kingdom Protista.

Question 8

Chitin

Answer 8

a complex chemical found in the cell walls of fungi and in the external coverings of insects and crustaceans such as lobsters and crabs.

Question 9

Coelom

Answer 9

a body cavity present in some animals; contains the animal’s internal organs.

Question 10

Cone

Answer 10

in plants, the reproductive structure of a conifer; produce either pollen or ovules.

Question 11

Cotyledon

Answer 11

a structure in the seeds of flowering plants that stores nutrients.

Question 12

Cuticle

Answer 12

a waterproof, waxy coating produced by the epidermis of most plants.

Question 13

Deuterostome

Answer 13

an animal with bilateral symmetry’ during embryonic development, the anus forms before the mouth.

Question 14

Dikaryotic

Answer 14

containing two separate nuclei.

Question 15

Flower

Answer 15

the specialized reproductive structure of an angiosperm; produces pollen and/or ovules.

Question 16

Frond

Answer 16

a fern leaf; young curled fronds are often called “fiddleheads” because of their distinctive shape; some fiddleheads are edible, but many are toxic.

Question 17

Fruit

Answer 17

mature ovary of an angiosperm, which contains the seed(s).

Question 18

Gemma

Answer 18

a small clump of haploid photosynthetic cells produced in little cup-shaped structures on the gametophyte plant; dispersed by splashes of rain to grow into another gametophyte plant

Question 19

Germ Layer

Answer 19

one of three layers that form during early embryonic development in most animals.

Question 20

Gymnosperm

Answer 20

a vascular plant that produces seeds in special structures called cones; gymnosperms are a major plant group.

Question 21

Hypha

Answer 21

a thin filament that makes up the body of a fungus.

Question 22

Invertebrate

Answer 22

an animal that does not have a backbone; the great majority of animal species are invertebrates.

Question 23

Lignin

Answer 23

an important structural compound found in the vascular tissues of plants; it is responsible for the strength of wood.

Question 24

Lycophyte

Answer 24

a seedless vascular plant; club mosses are examples of lycophytes.

Question 25

Meiosis

Answer 25

a form of cell division in which a single cell gives rise to four haploid daughter cells.

Question 26

Mycelium

Answer 26

a branched mass of hyphae.

Question 27

Mycorrhiza

Answer 27

a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a plant root.

Question 28

Nematocyst

Answer 28

a capsule within specialized cells of cnidarians containing toxins that can be propelled toward attackers and prey, causing them to become paralyzed; calso called a stinging cell.

Question 29

Notochord

Answer 29

a flexible rod found in some chordates; in most modern chordates it is replaced by vertebrae during embryonic development.

Question 30

Ovule

Answer 30

a small structure that contains a microscopic haploid female gametophyte.

Question 31

Pollen

Answer 31

small structures called “grains” that contain a microscopic haploid male gametophyte.

Question 32

Protostome

Answer 32

an animal with bilateral symmetry; during embryonic development, the mouth forms before the anus.

Question 33

Pterophyte

Answer 33

a seedless vascular plant; ferns are examples of pterophytes.

Question 34

Radial Symmetry

Answer 34

symmetry around a central axis.

Question 35

Rhizome

Answer 35

a horizontal underground stem.

Question 36

Seed

Answer 36

a plant structure containing an embryo and a food supply, surrounded by a protective outer covering called the seed coat.

Question 37

Sporangium

Answer 37

the structure in which spores are produced.

Question 38

Stoma

Answer 38

a small opening in the epidermis of a plant that allows gas exchange.

Question 39

Vertebrate

Answer 39

an animal with a backbone or a notochord.