Chapter 10 - Vocabulary Flashcards
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
the series of chemical reactions that occur in the cell that provides energy and consume oxygen.
Alveolus
a tiny sac at the end of a bronchiole that forms the respiratory membrane.
Asthma
a chronic respiratory disease characterized by inflammation and swelling of the bronchi and bronchioles that obstructs airflow.
Bronchial Thermoplasty
a procedure that decreases the amount of constriction of the airways during an asthma attack by using thermal energy to reduce the muscle thickness in the bronchioles.
Bronchiole
a tiny branch of a bronchus that connects to a cluster of alveoli.
Bronchus
one of the two main branches of the trachea that lead toward the lungs.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
a chronic, progressive disease that involves both obstructive bronchitis and emphysema.
Diaphragm
a large sheet of muscle located beneath the lungs that is the primary muscle in breathing.
Expiratory Reserve Volume
the volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal exhalation.
External Intercostal Muscle
a muscle that raised the rib cage, decreasing pressure inside the chest cavity.
FLAP inhibitor
a category of drugs that interfere with the production of chemicals that cause inflammation.
Gas Exchange
the processes whereby the body vells obtain oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide.
Hemoglobin
the protein in red blood cells that bonds the oxygen and enables the transport of oxygen around the body.
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
the volume of air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal inhalation.
Internal Intercostal Muscle
a muscle that pulls the rib cage downward, increasing the pressure inside the chest cavity.
Lung Transplant
the surgical procedure of replacing a diseased lung with part or all of a whole healthy lung from a donor.
Partial Pressure
the pressure of each of the individual gases that make up the total pressure of a mixture of gases.
Phosphorylation
the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule; in aerobic cellular respiration the phosphate group is added to ADP, creating the ATP molecule in which energy is stored.
Plasma
the liquid component of blood in which blood cells are suspended.
Pleural Membrane
a thin layer of connective tissue that covers the outer surface of the lungs and lines the thoracic cavity.
Pneumonia
an infection of the lungs that causes the alveoli to fill with pus and mucus, preventing gas exchange.
Pneumothorax
a collapsed lung caused by the introduction of air between the pleural membranes.
Residual Volume
the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation.
Tidal Volume
the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a normal, involuntary breath.
Total Lung Capacity
the maximum volume of air that can be inhaled during a single breath.
Trachea
the tube leading from the mouth toward the lungs.
Tuberculosis (TB)
a bacterial infection that damages the tissues of the lungs and interferes with gas exchange.
Ventilation
the process in more complex organisms that ensures a flow of oxygen-rich air to the lungs.
Vital Capacity
the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled or exhaled.
VO2
an estimated or measured value representing the rate at which oxygen is used in the body, measured in millilitres per kilogram per minute.
VO2max
the maximum rate at which oxygen can be used in an individual, measured in millilitres per kilogram per minute.
