Chapter 10 - Vocabulary

Question 1

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Answer 1

the series of chemical reactions that occur in the cell that provides energy and consume oxygen.

Question 2

Alveolus

Answer 2

a tiny sac at the end of a bronchiole that forms the respiratory membrane.

Question 3

Asthma

Answer 3

a chronic respiratory disease characterized by inflammation and swelling of the bronchi and bronchioles that obstructs airflow.

Question 4

Bronchial Thermoplasty

Answer 4

a procedure that decreases the amount of constriction of the airways during an asthma attack by using thermal energy to reduce the muscle thickness in the bronchioles.

Question 5

Bronchiole

Answer 5

a tiny branch of a bronchus that connects to a cluster of alveoli.

Question 6

Bronchus

Answer 6

one of the two main branches of the trachea that lead toward the lungs.

Question 7

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Answer 7

a chronic, progressive disease that involves both obstructive bronchitis and emphysema.

Question 8

Diaphragm

Answer 8

a large sheet of muscle located beneath the lungs that is the primary muscle in breathing.

Question 9

Expiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 9

the volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal exhalation.

Question 10

External Intercostal Muscle

Answer 10

a muscle that raised the rib cage, decreasing pressure inside the chest cavity.

Question 11

FLAP inhibitor

Answer 11

a category of drugs that interfere with the production of chemicals that cause inflammation.

Question 12

Gas Exchange

Answer 12

the processes whereby the body vells obtain oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide.

Question 13

Hemoglobin

Answer 13

the protein in red blood cells that bonds the oxygen and enables the transport of oxygen around the body.

Question 14

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 14

the volume of air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal inhalation.

Question 15

Internal Intercostal Muscle

Answer 15

a muscle that pulls the rib cage downward, increasing the pressure inside the chest cavity.

Question 16

Lung Transplant

Answer 16

the surgical procedure of replacing a diseased lung with part or all of a whole healthy lung from a donor.

Question 17

Partial Pressure

Answer 17

the pressure of each of the individual gases that make up the total pressure of a mixture of gases.

Question 18

Phosphorylation

Answer 18

the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule; in aerobic cellular respiration the phosphate group is added to ADP, creating the ATP molecule in which energy is stored.

Question 19

Plasma

Answer 19

the liquid component of blood in which blood cells are suspended.

Question 20

Pleural Membrane

Answer 20

a thin layer of connective tissue that covers the outer surface of the lungs and lines the thoracic cavity.

Question 21

Pneumonia

Answer 21

an infection of the lungs that causes the alveoli to fill with pus and mucus, preventing gas exchange.

Question 22

Pneumothorax

Answer 22

a collapsed lung caused by the introduction of air between the pleural membranes.

Question 23

Residual Volume

Answer 23

the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation.

Question 24

Tidal Volume

Answer 24

the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a normal, involuntary breath.

Question 25

Total Lung Capacity

Answer 25

the maximum volume of air that can be inhaled during a single breath.

Question 26

Trachea

Answer 26

the tube leading from the mouth toward the lungs.

Question 27

Tuberculosis (TB)

Answer 27

a bacterial infection that damages the tissues of the lungs and interferes with gas exchange.

Question 28

Ventilation

Answer 28

the process in more complex organisms that ensures a flow of oxygen-rich air to the lungs.

Question 29

Vital Capacity

Answer 29

the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled or exhaled.

Question 30

VO2

Answer 30

an estimated or measured value representing the rate at which oxygen is used in the body, measured in millilitres per kilogram per minute.

Question 31

VO2max

Answer 31

the maximum rate at which oxygen can be used in an individual, measured in millilitres per kilogram per minute.