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Level 3: Grade 11 Biology > Chapter 11 - Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 11 - Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Anemia

A

a condition of a low erythrocyte count or a low hemoglobin level, which leads to low oxygen levels.

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2
Q

Angina

A

pain in the chest, left shoulder, arm, or neck caused by insufficient blood supply to the cardiac muscles.

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3
Q

Angiogram

A

an X-ray image showing the outline of blood vessels through the use of an injected dye.

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4
Q

Angioplasty

A

a medical procedure that opens up a blocked artery; it is often used to enlarge narrowed openings in coronary arteries.

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5
Q

Aorta

A

the largest blood vessel in the body, connected directly to the heart; the aorta branches into arteries that carry oxygenated blood to the body tissues.

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6
Q

Arteriole

A

the smallest artery, with smooth muscles in its walls.

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7
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

the loss of elasticity and hardening of the arteries that may be caused by a number of factors including hypertension, age, and plaque buildup.

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8
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

the hardening of the arteries due to the buildup of plaque on or inside the walls of the arteries; atherosclerosis is the most common form of arteriosclerosis.

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9
Q

Atrioventricular Valve

A

the valve located between each atrium and ventricle to prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.

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10
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) Node

A

a mass of conducting cells that transmits the signals from the SA node to the muscles of the ventricles.

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11
Q

Atrium

A

a chamber of the heart that receives blood from the body.

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12
Q

Bypass Surgery

A

a surgical procedure in which arteries are grafted to blocked (or narrowed) coronary arteries in order to reroute blood flow and oxygen to the heart.

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13
Q

Cardiac Catheterization

A

the insertion of a long thin tube called a catheter into the heart through an artery, usually the femoral or brachial artery.

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14
Q

Cardiac Cycle

A

the contractions and relaxations of the heart muscles during a complete heartbeat.

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15
Q

Chordae Tendineae

A

tendons that support the atrioventricular valves.

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16
Q

Computerized Tomography (CT) Scan

A

an X-ray imaging technology that produces cross-sectional image of a three-dimensional object.

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17
Q

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

A

the buildup of plaque on or inside the walls of the coronary arteries.

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18
Q

Coronary Blood Vessel

A

a blood vessel that circulates blood to and from the muscle cells of the heart.

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19
Q

Diastole

A

the period of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are relaxed; blood fills the ventricles.

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20
Q

Diastolic Pressure

A

the blood pressure in the arteries when the heart relaxes.

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21
Q

Electrocardiograph

A

a device that detects the electrical activity of the heart through electrodes placed on the body’s surface.

22
Q

Erythrocyte

A

a red blood cell.

23
Q

Hemolymph

A

a mixture of blood and tissue fluid that is the circulating fluid in an open circulatory system.

24
Q

Hypertension

A

consistent blood pressure above the range of normal values; also called high blood pressure.

25
Q

Leukocyte

A

a white blood cell.

26
Q

Lymph

A

tissue fluid collected in lymph vessels and returned to the body.

27
Q

Lymph node

A

an enlargement in the lymph vessel that acts as a filter to remove bacteria and foreign particles.

28
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scan

A

an imaging technology that produces images by using a magnetic field to change the orientation of hydrogen atoms in tissues.

29
Q

Myocardial Infarction

A

the death of cardiac muscle tissue due to oxygen deprivation; also known as a heart attack.

30
Q

Myogenic Muscle

A

muscle that can contract and relax without input from an external source.

31
Q

Pericardium

A

a two-layered fluid-filled membrane that surrounds the heart and prevents friction between the heart and other tissues and organs.

32
Q

Platelet

A

a cell fragment in the blood that is necessary for blood clotting.

33
Q

Plaque

A

deposits of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other materials on and in the walls of arteries.

34
Q

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan

A

an imaging technology that produces cross-sectional images from gamma rays emitted by a radioactive tracer injected into body tissues.

35
Q

Pulmonary Circuit

A

the part of the circulatory system that delivers blood to the lungs.

36
Q

Purkinje Fibre

A

a conducting fibre that carries the electrical signals from the AV node to the muscle cells of the ventricles.

37
Q

Pus

A

a yellowish-white fluid formed in infected tissue, consisting of white blood cells and cellular debris.

38
Q

Semilunar Valve

A

the valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta and the right ventricle and the pulmonary arteries to prevent the backflow of blood when the ventricles relax.

39
Q

Septum

A

a wall of tissue that divides a body cavity or structure into smaller parts; for example, the ventricle of a mammal’s heart is divided into two cavities by a septum.

40
Q

Serum

A

the fluid that results when the cells, platelets, and fibrinogen have been removed from whole blood.

41
Q

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

A

a mass of muscle and nerve cells in the right atrium; initiates the heartbeat and maintains the regular rhythm.

42
Q

Spleen

A

the largest organ in the lymphatic system; acts as a filter and a reservoir of erythrocytes and leukocytes.

43
Q

Systemic Circuit

A

the part of the circulatory system that delivers blood around the body.

44
Q

Systole

A

the period of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles contract; blood is ejected from the ventricles.

45
Q

Systolic Pressure

A

the blood pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts.

46
Q

Thymus

A

a glandular organ of the lymphatic system; secretes hormones to promote the maturity of lymphocytes.

47
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

a decrease in the diameter of arterioles that decreases the blood flow to tissues.

48
Q

Vasodilation

A

an increase in the diameter (dilation) of arterioles that increases the blood flow to tissues.

49
Q

Ventricle

A

a chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the body.

50
Q

Venule

A

the smallest vein; formed by the merging of capillaries.

Level 3: Grade 11 Biology (13 decks)

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