CHAPTER 3 (the self) Flashcards
self
our sense of personal identity and of who we are as individuals
self-concept
a knowledge representation that contains knowledge about us, including our beliefs about our personality traits, physical characteristics, ability, values, goals and roles as well as the knowledge that we exists as individuals
self-schema
variety of different cognitive aspects of the self
self-reference memory
information that is processed in relationship to the self is particularly well remembered
personality traits
the specific and stable personality characteristics that describe an individual
social identity
the sense of our self that involves our membership in social groups
self-complexity
the extent to which individuals have many different and relatively independent ways of thinking about themselves
self-concept clarity
the extent to which one’s self-concept is clearly and consistently defined
self-awareness
the extent to which we are currently fixing our attention on our own self-concept
self-conciousness
when our self-concept becomes highly accessible because of our concerns about being observed and potentially judged by others
deindividuation
the loss of individual self-awareness and individual accountability in groups
private self-conciousness
the tendency to introspect about our inner thoughts and feelings
public self-conciousness
the tendency to focus on our outer public image and to be particularly aware of extent to which we are meeting the standards set by others
self-awareness theory
when we focus our attention on ourselves, we tend to compare our current behaviour against our international standards
self-discrepancy theory
when we perceive a discrepancy between our actual and ideal selves this is distressing to us
cognitive dissonance
the discomfort that occurs when we respond in ways that we see as inconsistent
self-affirmation theory
people will try to reduce threat to their self-concept posed by feelings of self-discrepancy by focusing on and affirming their worth in another domain, unrelated to the issue at hand
self-esteem
refers to the positive (high self-esteem) or negative (low self-esteem) feelings that we have about ourselves.
narcissism
personality trait characterized by overly high self-esteem, self-admiration and self centeredness
self-verification theory
people often seek confirmation of their self-concept, whether it is positive or negative
looking-glass self
part of how we see ourselves comes form our perception of how others see us
labeling bias
when we are labeled, and others’ views and expectations of us are affected by that labeling
self-labeling
when we adopt others’ labels explicitly into our self-concept
internalized prejudice
when individuals turn prejudice directed towards them by others onto themselves
