CHAPTER 11 ( stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination)

Question 1

stereotype

Answer 1

the positive or negative beliefs that we hold about the characteristics of social groups

Question 2

prejudice

Answer 2

an unjustifiable negative attitude towards an outgroup or towards the members of that outgroup

Question 3

discrimination

Answer 3

unjustifiable negative behaviours towards members of outgroups based on their group membership

Question 4

stereotype threat

Answer 4

performance decrement that are caused by the knowledge of cultural stereotypes

Question 5

social categorization

Answer 5

the natural cognitive process by which we place individuals into social groups

Question 6

group homogeneity

Answer 6

the tendency to view members of the outgroup as more similar to each other than we see members of ingroups

Question 7

bogus pipeline procedure

Answer 7

in this process, the experimenter first convinces the participants that he or she has access to their “true” beliefs

Question 8

implicit association test

Answer 8

frequently used to access stereotypes and prejudice

Question 9

ingroup favouritism

Answer 9

the tendency to respond more positively to people from our ingroups than we do to people from outgroups

Question 10

group-serving bias

Answer 10

make trait attribution in way that benefit their ingroups, just as they make trait attributions that benefit themselves

Question 11

feelings of social identity

Answer 11

the positive self-esteem that we get from our group memberships

Question 12

black sheep effect

Answer 12

the strong devaluation of ingroup members who threaten the positive image and identity of the ingroup

Question 13

authoritarain

Answer 13

personality dimension that characterizes people who prefer things to be simple rather than complex and who tend to hold traditional and conventional values

Question 14

social dominance orientation (SDO)

Answer 14

personality variable that refers to the tendency to see and accept inequality among different groups

Question 15

contact hypothesis

Answer 15

the idea that intergroup contact will reduce prejudice

Question 16

interdependance

Answer 16

a state in which the group members depend on each other for successful performance of the group goals

Question 17

jigsaw classroom

Answer 17

learning in which students from different racial or ethnic groups work together, in an interdependent way, to master material

Question 18

extended-contact hypothesis

Answer 18

the idea that prejudice can be reduced for people who have friends with members of the group

Question 19

superordinate goals

Answer 19

goals that were both very important to them and yet that require the cooperative efforts and resources of both the Eagles and the Rattlers to attain

Question 20

common ingroup identity

Answer 20

the attempt to reduce prejudice by creating a superordinate categorization