Chapter 3: The heart

Question 1

What is the Cardiovascular system made of?

Answer 1

Of the heart, and the body’s blood-transporting network of arteries, veins and smaller vessels.

Question 2

Where is the heart located?

Answer 2

In the thoracic cavity, between the two lungs and behind the sternum.

Question 3

What size is the heart?

Answer 3

About the size of a fist.

Question 4

The heart is enclosed by a double-walled membranous sac called?

Answer 4

Pericardium

Question 5

The walls of the heart are made up of how many layers?

Answer 5

Three layers

Question 6

What are the three layers of the wall of heart?

Answer 6

Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium.

Question 7

Which is the outermost layer of the wall of the heart?

Answer 7

Epicardium.

Question 8

What is the Epicardium layer?

Answer 8

A thin, transparent layer that protects the inner heart layers.

Question 9

Where does the Blood Vessels that nourish the heart itself are nestled?

Answer 9

Within the Epicardium

Question 10

Which is the middle and thickest layer?

Answer 10

Myocardium.

Question 11

Myocardium layer consist of?

Answer 11

Of specialized cardiac muscle tissue that stimulates the contractions to pump the blood through the blood vessels.

Question 12

Why does the Coronary arteries supply the oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium?

Answer 12

To be pumped out to the body.

Question 13

Which is the innermost layer of the heart?

Answer 13

Endocardium.

Question 14

What is the Endocardium layer?

Answer 14

A thin, smooth membrane that lines the four chambers and valves of the heart.

Question 15

How many Chambers does the heart have?

Answer 15

Four chambers

Question 16

What are the two-upper chambers known as?

Answer 16

Atria

Question 17

What are the two-lower chambers known as?

Answer 17

Ventricles

Question 18

What does the Atria do?

Answer 18

Collect blood and deliver it to ventricles.

Question 19

What does the Ventricles do?

Answer 19

Pump the blood to the systemic and pulmonary circulations.

Question 20

How many valves does the heart has?

Answer 20

Four

Question 21

What does the Heart Valves do?

Answer 21

Allow the blood to flow through the heart in only one direction.

Question 22

What does Heart Valves consist of?

Answer 22

Of cusps (flaps) of tissue that open to let blood through and then close shut to prevent the backflow of blood.

Question 23

What happens when one o more of the valves don’t open or close properly?

Answer 23

Can cause the blood flow through your heart to be disrupted.

Question 24

What are the symptoms when valves don’t open or close properly?

Answer 24

Shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling of the feet, dizziness, fainting, and irregular heartbeat.

Question 25

What is the treatment of a Valve affected?

Answer 25

Depends which valve is affected but sometimes surgery is required to repair or replace the heart valve.

Question 26

What are the four Valves of the Heart?

Answer 26

Mitral or Bicuspid, Tricuspid, Aortic, Pulmonary.

Question 27

Where is the Mitral or Bicuspid Valve?

Answer 27

Is between the left atrium and left ventricle and consist of two cusps.

Question 28

Where is the Tricuspid Valve?

Answer 28

Is between the right atrium and the right ventricle and consist of three cusps.

Question 29

Where is the Aortic Valve?

Answer 29

Is between the left ventricle and the aorta and consist of three cusps.

Question 30

Where is the Pulmonary Valve?

Answer 30

Is between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and consist of three cusps.