Chapter 3 - Sources And Bodily Effects Of Drugs

Question 1

Drug Interactions

P. 32 & 587

Answer 1

Response that may occur when more than one drug is taken. The combination may alter the expected response of each individual drug.

Question 2

Drug Processes

P. 32 & 587

Answer 2

4 biological changes that drugs undergo within the body:

☆ ADME

• Absorption
• Distribution
• Metabolism
• Excretion

Question 3

Source of Drugs

P. 24 & 594

Answer 3

Five ways that the drugs are obtained:

• Plants
• Minerals
• Animals
• Synthetic
• DNA (genetic engineerd)

Question 4

Anaphylactic Reaction

P. 38

Answer 4

Severe, possibly fatal, allergic (hypersensitivity) response.

Question 5

Hypersensitivity

P. 38

Answer 5

Immune response (allergy) to a drug may be a varying degrees:

• may be mild with no immediate effects; rashes or hives may appear after three to four days of drug therapy.
• May develop after uneventful previous uses of a drug.
• more likely to exist in patients with other known allergies.

Question 5

Hypersensitivity

P. 38

Answer 5

Immune response (allergy) to a drug may be a varying degrees:

• may be mild with no immediate effects; rashes or hives may appear after three to four days of drug therapy.
• May develop after uneventful previous uses of a drug.
• more likely to exist in patients with other known allergies.

Question 6

Dependence

P. 38

Answer 6

Acquired need for a drug that may produce psychological or physical symptoms of withdrawal when the drug is discontinued.

Question 7

Tolerance

P. 38

Answer 7

Decreased response to a drug that develops after repeated doses are given.

Question 8

Teratogenic Effect

P. 37

Answer 8

Effect from maternal drug administration that causes physical defects in a fetus.

Question 9

Paradoxical Reaction

P. 37

Answer 9

Opposite effect from that expected.

Question 10

Idiosyncratic Reaction

P. 37

Answer 10

Unique, unusual and unexpected response to a drug.

Question 11

Adverse Drug Reaction

P. 37

Answer 11

When side effects from a drug cause the patient to have a negative reaction.

Question 12

Keep Vein Open (KVO)

P. 36

Answer 12

Is a slow rate of IV fluid administration used to maintain patency of the IV for quick access for medication delivery.

Question 13

Pharmacogenomics

P. 33

Answer 13

Is a science that examines how our genes may explain if a drug should work and if it will be toxic to our bodies.

Example: the enzymes that metabolize drugs are genetically determined.

Question 14

Dosage

P. 33

Answer 14

Is defined as the amount of a drug given for a particular therapeutic or desired effect:

• minimum
• maximum
• loading
• maintenance
• toxic
• lethal
• therapeutic

Question 15

Antagonism

P. 32

Answer 15

The opposing action of two drugs in which one decreases or cancels out the effect of the other.

☆ Antagonist

Question 16

Potentiation

P. 32

Answer 16

The action of two drugs in which one prolongs or multiplies the effect of the other.

☆ Pain meds

Question 17

Synergism

P. 32

Answer 17

The action of two drugs working together in which one helps the other simultaneously for an effect that neither could produce alone.

• drugs that work together

Question 18

Placebo Effect

P. 31

Answer 18

Some more positive the patient feels about the medication being taken, the more positive the physical response.

Question 19

Toxicity

P. 30

Answer 19

Refers to a condition that results from exposure to either a poison or a dangerous amount of a drug that is normally safe when given in a smaller amount.

Question 20

Therapeutic Range

P. 30

Answer 20

The range of drug levels in the blood that will give the desired effect without causing serious side effects.

Question 21

Cumulative Effect

P. 30

Answer 21

Is an increased effect of a drug demonstrated when repeated doses accumulate in the body.

Question 22

Prodrugs

P. 29

Answer 22

A group of drugs that are inactive when administered and only become active when they are metabolized by the liver.

Question 23

Local Effect

P. 27

Answer 23

Is limited to the area of the body where it is administered.

Question 24

Excretion

P. 27

Answer 24

Eliminating waste products of drug Metabolism from the body.

Question 25

Metabolism

P. 27

Answer 25

Physical and chemical alterations that the substance undergoes in the body.

Question 26

Distribution

P. 27

Answer 26

Moving from the bloodstream into the tissues and fluids of the body.

Question 27

Absorption

P. 27

Answer 27

Passage of a substance through a membrane into the bloodstream.

Question 28

Pharmacokinetics

P. 27

Answer 28

Literally means what happens to the drug as it moves through your body.

“Kinetics” means “movement”

Question 29

Systemic Effect

P. 25

Answer 29

Reaches widespread areas of the body.

Question 30

Chemoinformatics

P. 25

Answer 30

Is the application of computer technology, statistics and Mathematics to study information about the structure, properties, and activities of molecules.

Question 31

Parenteral

P. 36

Answer 31

Greek term “para” means “apart from”.

Any route other than the GI tract.
• injectables

-Routes of Administration

Question 32

Enteral

P. 36

Answer 32

Routes of Administration:

Means within or by way of the intestine.