Chapter 3: Social Change

Question 1

Population Aging

Answer 1

Experts who study population change, use at least three measures of population aging: (1) The number of older people in the population, (2) the median age of a population, and (3) the proportion of older people in a population

Question 2

More developed regions

Answer 2

More developed countries are comprised of Europe, North America, Austrilia, Japan, and New Zealand

Question 3

Less developed regions

Answer 3

China, India, Vietnam

Question 4

Least developed regions

Answer 4

Consists of 49 countries with espeically low incomes, high economic vulnerability, and poor human development indicators

Question 5

Birth rate

Answer 5

The number of live births per 1,000 women in a population

Question 6

Fertility rate

Answer 6

The average number of children that would be born alive to a woman during her lifetime if she were to pass through all her childbearing years conforming to the age-specific fertility rates of a given year

Question 7

Median age

Answer 7

Half the population is older and half is younger than the median age

Question 8

Death rate

Answer 8

The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population

Question 9

Infant mortality rate

Answer 9

The death rate of children less than one year old

Question 10

Demographic transition

Answer 10

Occurs when a population change from a high birth rate/high death rate condition to a low birth rate.low death rate condition

Question 11

Baby boom

Answer 11

The sharp rise in the fertility rate in Canada from about 1946 to the early 1960s

Question 12

Baby bust

Answer 12

The sharp drop in the fertility rate from the mid 1960s on

Question 13

Age-specific birth rate

Answer 13

The number of births in a given age group per 1,000 women in that age group

Question 14

Prospective aging

Answer 14

Allows demographers to compare populations with different life expectancies, and to compare one society at different points in time as life expectancy increases; one measure of prospective aging uses a number of years remaining life expectancy as the start of old age

Question 15

Old Age Security pension

Answer 15

Canada’s basic retirement income program, which supplements the income of nearly all of the country’s older people

Question 16

Guaranteed Income Supplement

Answer 16

An income supplement program for the poorest older people

Question 17

Allowance

Answer 17

An income supplement program for spouses of pensioners who receive only the Old Age Security pension and have a combined income below a set amount

Question 18

Apocalyptic demography

Answer 18

The use of demographic facts (such as the aging of the population) to project the high cost of an aging population and predict that population aging will lead to economic and social crisis

Question 19

Overall dependency ratio (or rate)

Answer 19

The combined total number of people age 19 and under and people age 65 and over divided by the number of people age 20 to 64

Question 20

Crude dependecy rates

Answer 20

Based solely on the number of people in each age group

Question 21

Elderly dependency rates

Answer 21

The number of people age 65 and over divided by the populations age 20 to 64

Question 22

Youth dependency rates

Answer 22

The number of people age 0 to 19 divided by the population age 20 to 64

Question 23

Demographic determinism

Answer 23

The assumption that population dynamics determine the future of social relations and social institutions (e.g the amount of dependency of the old on the youth)