Chapter 3 - Sleep and Dreams

Question 1

What is circadian rythym?

Answer 1

The body’s 24-hour biological clock.

Question 2

REM sleep

Answer 2

REM, also known as Rapid eye movement, is our deep sleep cycle, a recurring sleep stage in which vivid dreams occur. (Also known as paradoxical sleep)

Question 3

What’re alpha waves?

Answer 3

the relative slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.

Question 4

what’re Delta waves?

Answer 4

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.

Question 5

What happens at the N1 REM sleep stage?

Answer 5

hallucinations, or false sensory experiences, such as seeing something but not experiencing it.

Question 6

What happens at the N2 REM sleep stage?

Answer 6

N2 REM is the most popular sleep stage for adults, periodic sleep spindles - bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain wave activity.

Question 7

What happens at N3 REM sleep stage?

Answer 7

This is the beginning of the deep sleep stage, where delta waves show, and are hard to be awakened.

Question 8

The ______ nucleus helps monitor the brain’s release of melatonin. which affects our ______ rhythm.

Answer 8

suprachiasmatic, circadian rhythm.

Question 9

What can affect sleep patterns?

Answer 9

1) Bright morning light; activates light-sensitive proteins that send messages to the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
2) Decreased production of melatonin.
3) Increased production in the evening.
4) social jet lag.

Question 10

What’re the five important reasons why we sleep?

Answer 10

Protective role in human evolution.
Sleep helps us restore the immune system and recuperate brain tissue.
Strengthens neural connections for better memory.
Promotes creative thinking.
Supports growth process.

Question 11

What are the four sleep disorders?

Answer 11

Insomnia, problems with staying or going to sleep.
narcolepsy, sudden uncontrol sleep attacks.
sleep apnea, is when you stop breathing during your sleep.
night terrors, nightmares, waking up terrified.

Question 12

A well-rested person will be more likely to have _________ and a sleep-deprived person would be more likely to_________.

Answer 12

Better concentration, and have bad health issues.

Question 13

What’re the five theories that propose explanations for why we dream?

Answer 13

• To satisfy our own wishes (Manifest content, Latent content).
• To file away memories.
• To develop and preserve neural pathways.
• To make sense of neural static.
• To reflect cognitive development.

Question 14

Define REM rebound.

Answer 14

The tendency for REM sleep to increase after REM sleep deprivation.

Question 15

Our body temperature tends to rise and fall in sync with a biological clock, which is referred to as _________.

Answer 15

Circadian Rhythm

Question 16

During the NREM-1 sleep stage, a person is most likely to ________.

Answer 16

Have hallucinations

Question 17

The brain emits slow delta waves during ____ sleep.

Answer 17

NREM 3

Question 18

As the night progresses, what happens to the REM stage of sleep?

Answer 18

It increases in duration.

Question 19

What is the difference between narcolepsy and sleep apnea?

Answer 19

Narcolepsy is when an individual randomly enters REM sleep, and sleep apnea is when an individual wakes up throughout the night from not breathing.

Question 20

In interpreting dreams, Freud was most interested in their _______.

Answer 20

Latent Content, or hidden meaning behind one’s dreams.

Question 21

How has activation-synthesis been used to explain why we dream?

Answer 21

The activation-synthesis theory suggests that dreams are the brain’s attempt to make sense of random neural activity.

Question 22

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following a deprivation is referred to as ______?

Answer 22

REM Rebound