Chapter 3: Physical Development and Biological Aging Flashcards
What is the pattern of growth from the top down?
Cephalocaudal
What is the pattern of growth from the inside out?
Proximodistal
At what age is the onset of puberty for girls and boys?
Girls: 9-15 years
Boys: 10-17 years
What is the hypothalamus?
Brain structure involved in eating and sexual behaviour
What is testosterone?
Male sexual development hormone
What is estriadol?
Female sexual development hormone
Around what age does physical health peak?
Mid-twenties
What does the frontal lobe process?
Movement, thought, personality, memory, attention, awareness, etc.
What does the occipital lobe process?
Vision
What does the temporal lobe process?
Hearing, language, memory
What does the parietal lobe process?
Spatial location, attention, motor control
What is the corpus callosum?
The band of fibres that connect the brain’s hemispheres
What is the amygdala?
Brain’s emotional center
As a person ages, their brain’s _____ decreases and they start to rely on _____.
Lateralization, adaptation
How much time is spent in REM sleep for infants and adults?
1/2 for infants, 1/5 for adults.
What is SIDS?
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Infant stops breathing, usually during the night, and dies suddenly without apparent cause
How much sleep per night is recommended for children?
11-13 hours.
What are susceptibility and longevity genes?
They increase/decrease (respectively) susceptibility to illness and likelihood of living to an old age.
What is the cellular clock theory of aging?
There is a maximum # of times cells can be divided in the body
What is the free-radical theory of aging?
Cells metabolize and produce unstable oxygen molecules (free radicals)
What is the mitochondrial theory of aging?
Aging is caused by the oxidizing decay of the mitochondria.
What is the hormonal stress theory of aging?
Hormonal system aging lowers resistance to stress and increases risk of disease.
