Chapter 16: Schools, Achievement and Work Flashcards
What is the constructivist approach to student learning?
Learner-centered, emphasizing importance of active knowledge construction and using the guidance of the teacher.
What is the direct instruction approach to student learning?
Teacher-centered, emphasizing structure in which teacher has direction and control. Goal is to maximize student learning time.
What are the positive and negative outcomes of standardized testing?
Has more accountability, but is not always the best predictor of intelligence.
What is child-centered kindergarten?
Encompasses physical, cognitive and socioemotional development.
What is the Montessori approach to early childhood education?
Hands-off approach, giving children freedom in choosing activities, allowing flexibility in terms of activity duration.
What is the Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP)?
Focus on socioemotional and cognitive development. Considers both the norm for the age and the uniqueness of each child. Emphasis on the learning process rather than content.
What is ABC Head Start?
Education program for children who are disadvantaged from low-income families.
____ ____ and ____ are very important in order for children to learn how to compensate for a learning disability.
Early recognition, remediation
/ Canadians may have a learning disability.
1/10
What is dyslexia?
Severe impairment in ability to read/spell
What is dysgraphia?
Difficulty with handwriting
What is dyscalculia?
Developmental arithmetic disorder
What is ADHD?
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder – consistently innattentive, hyperactive and/or impulsive
Which two drugs are used to improve attention in many children diagnosed with ADHD/
Ritalin, Adderall
What are two examples of ASD’s?
Autism spectrum disorders – Autistic disorder (severe), Asperger syndrome (mild)
What is an individual education plan?
Written statement that spells out a program specifically tailored for a student with disability.
What is the least restrictive environment?
Setting similar to one in which children do not have a disability are educated. Aims to include special education children full-time in the regular classroom.
What is extrinsic motivation?
Engaging in activity to gain something else
What is intrinsic motivation?
Engaging in activity for its own sake.
What do autonomy-supportive teachers foster?
Intrinsic motivation
What is mastery orientation?
Task-oriented, concerned with the strategies and the process rather than the outcome.
What is helpless orientation?
Trapped by the experience of difficulty, attributing it to their lack of ability.
What is a fixed mindset associated with?
Associated with helpless orientation
What is a growth mindset associated with?
Mastery orientation
What is self-efficacy?
The belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes.
What is a performance orientation?
Focus on winning, belief that happiness results from winning.
What did Dweck and her colleagues study?
The brain’s plasticity, wanted to improve motivation to achieve and succeed by emphasizing the idea of “growing” your brain by exercising/challenging it.
Individuals who set specific, proximal and challenging goals tend to have more or less achievement?
More.
What 3 phases were in Zimmerman’s model of self-regulation in achievement contexts?
Forethought, performance, self-reflection
What does Eccles argue about expectations and values?
That they influence performance, persistence and task choice.
Does SES or ethnicity predict achievement better?
SES. Low-income families have lack of adequate learning resources.
What is career mystique?
Ingrained cultural beliefs that engaging in hard work for long hours through adulthood will automatically lead to status, security, and happiness
How does large amounts of time spent in paid labor affect development?
It limits development, lowers grades and is sometimes associated with risky behaviour and worse physical health.
