Chapter 14: Families Lifestyle and Parenting (+ Autism Lecture)

Question 1

What are some major characteristics of autism?

Answer 1

Obsession with sensory objects, concrete thinking, interest in organization and structure.

Question 2

How many children does autism affect in the US?

Answer 2

1 in 88

Question 3

Does autism target boys or girls more?

Answer 3

Boys

Question 4

What is critical for ensuring children with autism develop as regularly as possible? What is the trouble with this?

Answer 4

Early intervention is critical. It can be difficult to get into an EI program, with a waitlist of sometimes 2 years.

Question 5

How should we be looking at people with autism compared to how we see them now?

Answer 5

We should be expecting more from them, using their unique skills to benefit society.

Question 6

What is the concept of multiple developmental trajectories?

Answer 6

Adults and children can follow different developmental paths. The timing of these paths and how the interact is important.

Question 7

In Cherlin’s book, The Marriage-Go-Round, what did he discuss?

Answer 7

How the US has more turnover in marriages, remarriages, divorces and short-term cohabiting relationships than most countries.

Question 8

What is cohabitation?

Answer 8

Living together in a sexual relationship without being married. The number of cohabiting couples has increased dramatically since the 70’s.

Question 9

What percentage of couples cohabit prior to marriage?

Answer 9

More than 75%

Question 10

The majority of studies have found _____ (lower/higher) rates of marital satisfaction and _____ (lower/higher) rates of divorce in couples that live together before marriage.

Answer 10

Lower, higher

Question 11

What did Gottman study?

Answer 11

What makes marriages work.

Question 12

What are some examples of Gottman’s results?

Answer 12

Establishing love maps, nurturing fondness and admiration, turning toward each other, letting partner influence you, overcoming gridlock and creating shared meaning all help marriages succeed.

Question 13

Marriage, A History by Coontz concludes what about modern marriage?

Answer 13

That it is fragile because expectations for marriage have become unrealistically high, not because people have become self-centered.

Question 14

Do individuals who are married, divorced or unhappily married live longest and healthiest?

Answer 14

Married

Question 15

About __% of adults who remarry do so within __ years of a divorce.

Answer 15

50%, 3 years.

Question 16

Gay and lesbian couples are ___ (more/less) flexible in gender roles than heterosexual couples.

Answer 16

More

Question 17

What are the 3 main causes of divorce for women?

Answer 17

Verbal/physical/emotional abuse
Alcohol/drug use
Cheating

Question 18

What are the 3 main causes of divorce for men?

Answer 18

Falling out of love
Cheating
Different values/lifestyles

Question 19

What are the advantages of having children in the 20’s? What about the 30’s?

Answer 19

20’s – more physical energy, less expectations on children

30’s – Financial stability, time to consider desires, more maturity

Question 20

In a longitudinal study of couples, / showed an increase in marital satisfaction after having a baby.

Answer 20

1/3

Question 21

What did Baumrind argue about parenting styles?

Answer 21

That parents should neither punish nor ignore, but rather develop rules and be affectionate.

Question 22

What is Baumrind’s authoritarian parenting style?

Answer 22

Restrictive, controlling, little verbal exchange. Spanking is common. Rules are enforced but not explained. Children of these parents are often unhappy, fearful and anxious.

Question 23

What is Baumrind’s authoritative parenting style?

Answer 23

Encourages independence, but still places limits. Extensive verbal give-and-take, warm and nurturing. Pleasure and support are shown in response to constructive behaviour. Children of these parents are often cheerful, self-controlled, self-reliant and achievement oriented.

Question 24

What is Baumrind’s neglectful parenting style?

Answer 24

Parents are uninvolved. Children of these parents tend to be socially incompetent with poor self-control and lack of independence. Low, self-esteem and immaturity, truancy and delinquency are common.

Question 25

What is Baumrind’s indulgent/permissive parenting style?

Answer 25

Parents are highly involved with few limits. Children of these parents never learn control and expect to always get what they want. These children rarely learn respect.