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MEDTERM > Chapter 3- Musculoskeletal system > Flashcards

Chapter 3- Musculoskeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

term- orthopedics / orthopedist

A

meaning- deals with the majority of musculoskeletal disorders.

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2
Q

term- rheumatology/rheumatologist.

A

meaning- specialty that deals with disorders of connective tissue, including bone and cartilage.

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3
Q

term- Physiatry/physiatrist.

A

meaning- physical medicine, concerns diagnosis and treatment of disease or injury with the use of physical agents, such as exercise, heat, massage, and light.

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4
Q

term- osteodynia

A

meaning- bone pain

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5
Q

term- osteitis deformans

A

meaning- Misshaped bone resulting from excessive breakdown and formation of bone tissue.

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6
Q

term- osteomalacia

A

meaning- Softening of bone caused by loss of minerals from the bony matrix as a result of vitamin D deficiency. When osteomalacia occurs in childhood, it is called rickets.

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7
Q

term- osteomyelitis

A

meaning- Inflammation and/ or infection of the bone and bone marrow.

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8
Q

term- osteoporosis

A

meaning- Loss of bone mass, which results in the bones being fragile and at risk for fractures. Osteopenia refers to a less severe bone mass loss (-penia = deficiency).

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9
Q

term- chondromalacia

A

meaning- Softening of the cartilage.

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10
Q

term- costochondritis

A

meaning- Inflammation of the cartilage of the ribs.

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11
Q

term- arthrosis

A

meaning- Abnormal condition of a joint; may be hemarthrosis, hydrarthrosis, or pyarthrosis (blood, fluid, or pus, respectively, in a joint cavity).

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12
Q

term- baker cyst

A

meaning- Cyst of synovial fluid in the popliteal area of leg; often associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

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13
Q

term- bunion

A

meaning- Fairly common, painful enlargement and inflammation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (the base of the great toe).

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14
Q

term- bursitis

A

meaning- Inflammation of a bursa.

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15
Q

term- carpal tunnel syndrome

A

meaning- Compression injury that manifests itself as fluctuating pain, numbness, and paresthesias of the hand caused by compression of the median nerve at the wrist

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16
Q

term- crepitus

A

meaning- Crackling sound heard in joints.

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17
Q

term- osteoarthritis (OA)

A

meaning- Joint disease characterized by degenerative articular cartilage and a wearing down of the bones’ edges at a joint; considered a “wear and tear” disorder. Also called degenerative joint disease (DJD)

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18
Q

term- osteophytosis

A

meaning- Abnormal bone growth in a joint. Heberden nodes are osteophytes of the interphalangeal joints in RA

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19
Q

term-polyarthralgia

A

meaning-Condition in which there is pain in several joints simultaneously.

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20
Q

term- rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

A

meaning- Inflammatory joint disease believed to be autoimmune in nature; occurs in a much younger population (ages 20 to 45) than OA

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21
Q

term- scleroderma

A

meaning- Connective tissue disorder that causes hardening and thickening of the skin.

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22
Q

term- systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

meaning- Chronic, systemic inflammation of unknown etiology (cause). Characterized by arthritis and a distinctive red, butterfly-like rash on nose and cheeks. Also called disseminated lupus erythematosus (DLE).

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23
Q

term- temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ)

A

meaning- Dysfunctional temporomandibular joint, accompanied by gnathalgia, or jaw pain.

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24
Q

term- tendinitis

A

meaning- Inflammation of a tendon.

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25
Q

term- ankylosing spondylitis

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 95). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning- Chronic inflammatory disease of idiopathic origin, which causes a fusion of the spine.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 95). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

26
Q

term- herniated intervertebral disk

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 95). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning- Protrusion of the central part of the disk that lies between the vertebrae, resulting in compression of the nerve root and pain.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 95). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

27
Q

term-kyphosis

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 95). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning-Extreme posterior curvature of the thoracic area of the spine (Fig.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 95). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

28
Q

term- lordosis

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 95). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning- Swayback; exaggerated anterior curve of the lumbar vertebrae (lower back)

29
Q

term- scoliosis

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 95). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning- Lateral S curve of the spine that can cause an individual to lose inches in height

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 95). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

30
Q

term- spinal stenosis

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 95). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning- Abnormal condition of narrowing of the spinal canal with attendant pain, sometimes caused by OA or spondylolisthesis

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 95). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

31
Q

term-spondylolisthesis

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 95). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning-Condition resulting from the partial forward dislocation of one vertebra over the one beneath it.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 95). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

32
Q

term- spondylosis

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 95). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning- An abnormal condition characterized by stiffening of the vertebral joints.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 95). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

33
Q

term- chondroma

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning- Benign tumor of the cartilage, usually occurring in children and adolescents.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

34
Q

term-exostosis

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning-Abnormal condition of bony growth. Also called hyperostosis and osteochondroma.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

35
Q

term-leiomyoma

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning-Benign tumor of smooth muscle. The most common leiomyoma is in the uterus and is termed a fibroid.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

36
Q

term- osteoma

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning- Benign bone tumor, usually of compact bone.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

37
Q

term- rhabdomyoma

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning- Benign tumor of striated/ voluntary/ skeletal muscle.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

38
Q

term- chondrosarcoma

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning- Malignant tumor of the cartilage. Occurs most frequently in adults

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

39
Q

term-leiomyosarcoma

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning-Malignant tumor of smooth muscle. Most commonly appearing in the uterus.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

40
Q

term-osteosarcoma

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning-Malignant tumor of bone. Also called Ewing sarcoma. Most common children’s bone cancer.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

41
Q

term- rhabdomyosarcoma

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning- Highly malignant tumor of skeletal muscle. Also called rhabdosarcoma or rhabdomyoblastoma.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

42
Q

term- amputation

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning- Removal of a limb when there are no feasible options to save it.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

43
Q

term- arthrocentesis

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning- Surgical puncture of a joint to remove fluid.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

44
Q

term- arthrodesis

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning- Binding or stabilization of a joint by operative means.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

45
Q

term-arthroplasty

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning-General term meaning surgical repair of a joint.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

46
Q

term- bunionectomy

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning- Removal of a bunion

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

47
Q

term-kyphoplasty

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning-Minimally invasive procedure designed to address the pain of fractured vertebrae resulting from osteoporosis or cancer (Fig. 3-27). A balloon is used to inflate the area of fracture before a cement-like substance is injected. The substance hardens rapidly, and pain relief is immediate in most patients.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

48
Q

term- laminectomy

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning- Removal of the bony arches of one or more vertebrae to relieve compression of the spinal cord

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

49
Q

term- meniscectomy

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning- Removal of a meniscus, such as in the knee.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

50
Q

term-myorrhaphy

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning-Suture of a muscle.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

51
Q

term- operative ankylosis

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning- Procedure used in the treatment of spinal fractures or after diskectomy or laminectomy for the correction of a herniated vertebral disk; also used to describe surgical fixation of a joint. Also called arthrodesis.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

52
Q

term- osteoclasis

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning- Refracture of a bone; usually done if a bone has a malunion.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

53
Q

term-osteoplasty

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning-Surgical repair of a bone.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

54
Q

term- prosthesis

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning- An artificial body part that is constructed to replace missing limbs, eyes, and other body parts.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

55
Q

term- spondylosyndesis

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning- Fixation of an unstable segment of the spine by skeletal traction, immobilization of the patient in a body cast, or stabilization with a bone graft or synthetic device. Also called spinal fusion and spondylodesis.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

56
Q

term- syndesmoplasty

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning- Surgical repair of a ligament.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

57
Q

term- tenomyoplasty

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning- Surgical repair of a muscle and a tendon.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

58
Q

term-total hip replacement (THR)

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning-Replacement of the femoral head and the acetabulum of the hip with either plastic or metal appliances

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

59
Q

term- total knee replacement (TKR)

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning- Extensive surgical procedure that involves the replacement of the entire knee joint, either unilaterally or bilaterally

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

60
Q

term- traction

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

A

meaning- The process of pulling a body part into correct alignment, as to correct a dislocation.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

MEDTERM (16 decks)

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