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MEDTERM > Abbreviations > Flashcards

Abbreviations Flashcards

1
Q

term- ABG

A

word- arterial blood gas

meaning- Blood test that measures the amount of O2 and CO2 in the blood.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 429). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

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2
Q

term- ACTH

A

word- Adrenocorticotropic hormone

meaning- Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release steroids

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 538). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

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3
Q

term- ADHD

A

word- attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder

meaning- Series of syndromes that includes impulsiveness, inability to concentrate, and short attention span.

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4
Q

term- ASD

A

word- Atrial septal defect

meaning- congenital abnormality of the walls between is a hole in the wall between the upper chambers aka atriums of the heart.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 376). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

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5
Q

term- BPH

A

word- benign prostatic hyperplasia

meaning- benign neoplasm on the prostate

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6
Q

term- CAD

A

word- coronary artery disease

meaning- Accumulation and hardening of plaque in the coronary arteries that eventually can deprive the heart muscle of oxygen, leading to angina (heart pain)

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7
Q

term- CABG

A

word- Coronary artery bypass graft

meaning- Open-heart surgery in which a piece of a blood vessel from another location is grafted onto one of the coronary arteries to reroute blood around a blockage

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8
Q

term- CBC

A

word- complete blood cell count

meaning- Twelve tests, including RBC count, WBC count, hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit/ packed-cell volume (Hct/ PCV), and diff (WBC differential).

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9
Q

term- CKD

A

word- chronic kidney disease

meaning- CKD is measured in stages of increasing severity, from 1 (mild damage with a normal glomerular filtration rate [GFR]) to 5 (complete kidney failure requiring either dialysis or a renal transplant). Stage 5 is also called end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

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10
Q

term-CHF

A

word- congestive heart failure

meaning-Inability of the heart muscle to pump blood efficiently so that it becomes overloaded. The heart enlarges with unpumped blood, and the lungs fill with fluid. Previously referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF).

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11
Q

term- COPD

A

word- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

meaning- Respiratory disorder characterized by a progressive and irreversible diminishment in inspiratory and expiratory capacity of the lungs. Patient experiences dyspnea on exertion (DOE), difficulty inhaling or exhaling, and a chronic cough.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 421). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 421). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

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12
Q

term- CVA

A

word- cerebrovascular accident

meaning- Ischemia of cerebral tissue due to an occlusion (blockage) from a thrombus (pl. thrombi) or embolus (pl. emboli), or as a result of a cerebral hemorrhage. Results of a stroke depend on the duration and location of the ischemia. These sequelae may include paralysis, weakness, speech defects, sensory changes that last longer than 24 hours, or death. Also called stroke, brain attack, and cerebral infarction (infarction means tissue death)

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13
Q

term- CXR

A

word- chest x-ray

meaning- One of the most common imaging techniques for the respiratory system; used to visualize abnormalities of the respiratory system (Fig. 11-16). X-rays may also include the use of a contrast medium, as in pulmonary angiography, which uses a dye injected into the blood vessels of the lung, followed by subsequent x-ray imaging to demonstrate the flow of blood through these vessels.

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14
Q

term- CSF

A

word- cerebrospinal fluid

meaning- CSF is also present in cavities in the brain called ventricles.
Examination of fluid from the CNS to detect pathogens and abnormalities. Useful in diagnosing hemorrhages, tumors, and various diseases.

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15
Q

term- DRE

A

word- digital rectal exam

meaning- Insertion of a gloved finger into the rectum to palpate the prostate

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16
Q

term-DTR

A

word- deep tendon reflex

meaning- Assessment of an automatic motor response by striking a tendon. Useful in the diagnosis of stroke.

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17
Q

term- DVT

A

word- deep vein thrombosis

meaning- a clot in a deep vein

18
Q

term- DM

A

word- diabetes mellitus

meaning- A group of metabolic disorders characterized by high glucose levels that result from inadequate amounts of insulin, resistance to insulin, or a combination of both

19
Q

term- ECT

A

word- electroconvulsive therapy

meaning- Method of inducing convulsions to treat affective disorders in patients who have been resistant or unresponsive to drug therapy.

20
Q

term- GERD

A

word- gastroesophageal reflux disease

meaning- Flowing back, or return, of the contents of the stomach to the esophagus caused by an inability of the LES to contract normally; characterized by pyrosis with or without regurgitation of stomach contents to the mouth (Fig. 5-12). Barrett esophagus is a condition caused by chronic reflux from the stomach. It is associated with an increased risk of cancer.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 181). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 181). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

21
Q

term- ESR

A

word- erythrocyte sedimentation rate

meaning- Measurement of time for mature RBCs to settle out of a blood sample after an anticoagulant is added. An increased ESR indicates inflammation.

22
Q

term- KUB

A

word- kidney, ureter, and bladder

meaning- Radiographic imaging of the kidney, ureters, and bladder without a contrast medium.

23
Q

term- HGB

A

word- hemoglobin

meaning- Measure of iron-containing pigment of RBCs that carries oxygen to tissues.

24
Q

term- IVP

A

word- intravenous pyelography

meaning- Radiographic imaging of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder done with a contrast medium

25
Q

term- MI

A

word- myocardial infarction

meaning- Cardiac tissue death that occurs when the coronary arteries are occluded (blocked) by an atheroma (ath uh ROH mah), a mass of fat or lipids on the wall of an artery, or a blood clot caused by an atheroma; and thus are unable to carry enough oxygenated blood to the heart muscle. Depending on the area affected, the patient may die if enough of the heart muscle is destroyed (Fig. 10-15). Also called a heart attack. When a person is in the process of having a heart attack, it is called an acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

26
Q

term- MVP

A

word- mitral valve prolapse

meaning- Protrusion of one or both cusps of the MV back into the LA during ventricular systole

27
Q

term- PFT

A

word- pulmonary function tests

meaning- Procedures for determining the capacity of the lungs to exchange O2 and CO2 efficiently. See the table on the following page for examples of PFTs.

28
Q

term- PTH

A

word- parathyroid hormone

meaning- The parathyroids (pair uh THIGH royds) are four small glands located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland in the neck. They secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) in response to a low level of calcium in the blood. When low calcium is detected, the PTH increases calcium by causing it to be released from the bone, which results in calcium reabsorption by the kidneys and the digestive system. PTH is inhibited by high levels of calcium.

29
Q

term- PUD

A

word- peptic ulcer disease

meaning- An erosion of the protective mucosal lining of the stomach or duodenum (Fig. 5-13). Also called a gastric or duodenal ulcer.

30
Q

term- PCOS

A

word- polycystic ovary syndrome

meaning- Bilateral presence of numerous cysts, caused by a hormonal abnormality leading to the secretion of androgens. Can cause acne, facial hair, and infertility.

31
Q

term-PID

A

word- pelvic inflammatory disease

32
Q

term- PSA

A

word- prostate-specific antigen

meaning- Blood test for prostatic
hypertrophy. Very high levels may indicate prostate cancer. Above 2.6 ng/ mL is considered elevated.

33
Q

term-PVC

A

word-premature ventricular contraction

meaning- Ventricular ectopic beats (VEBs) are irregular contractions of the ventricles. Also called premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). PVCs are not always considered pathologic.

34
Q

term- RBC

A

word- red blood cell

35
Q

term- TIA

A

word- transient ischemic attack

meaning- TIA has the same mechanisms as a CVA, but the sequelae resolve and disappear within 24 hours; also known as a mini stroke.

36
Q

term- TSH

A

word- Thyrotropin also called thyroid-stimulating
hormone

meaning- Stimulates thyroid to release two other thyroid hormones.

37
Q

term-TURP

A

word- Transurethral resection of the prostate

meaning- Removal of the prostate in sections through a urethral approach. This procedure is the most common type of prostatectomy.

38
Q

term- VSD

A

word- Ventricular septal defect

meaning- Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a hole in the wall between the lower two chambers of the heart.

39
Q

term- UTI

A

word- urinary tract infection

meaning- infection anywhere in the urinary system, caused most commonly by bacteria, but also by parasites, yeast, and protozoa (sing. protozoon). Most frequently occurring disorder in the urinary system.

40
Q

term- WBC = 2 meanings

A

word- white blood cell

meaning- leukocytes -WBCs protect the body from invasion by pathogens.

word- white blood cell count

meaning- Measurement of the number of leukocytes in the blood. An increase may indicate the presence of an infection; a decrease may be caused by radiation or chemotherapy.

MEDTERM (16 decks)

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