Chapter 3 mitosis

Question 1

What are the 2 main parts of the cell cycle?

Answer 1

1) interphase (G1, S, G2)
2) m phase (mitosis)

Question 2

Cell division is regulated by control of the _______

Answer 2

Cell Cycle

Question 3

In Gap 1 (G1) phase, all proteins for normal cell function are _______ and _______

Answer 3

transcribed and translated

Question 4

Cells that enter G0 phase _______ re-enter the cell cycle

Answer 4

rarely

Question 5

S phase or synthesis phase is where DNA is _______

Answer 5

replicated

Question 6

Gap 2 (G2) phase is where cells prepare for _______

Answer 6

division

Question 7

What are the 5 stages of M phase?

Answer 7

1) prophase
2) pro-metaphase
3) metaphase
4) anaphase
5) telophase / cytokenesis

Question 8

_______ is the dividing of DNA

Answer 8

karyokinesis

Question 9

_______ is the dividing of the cell/cytoplasm

Answer 9

cytokinesis

Question 10

At the end of S-Phase the number of chromosomes is the _______ but the amount of genetic material is _______

Answer 10

same
doubled

Question 11

Progressive condensation of chromosomes begins in _______ and reaches a maximum in _______

Answer 11

prophase
metaphase

Question 12

_______ are specialized sequences where sister chromatids are joined. They bind protein complexes called _______

Answer 12

centromeres
kinetochores

Question 13

_______ chromosomes are a pair of chromosomes that contain the exact same gene, just one from the father and one from the mother

Answer 13

homologous

Question 14

What happens in prophase of M phase? (2)

Answer 14

1) condensation begins
2) aster and mitotic spindle form

Question 15

What happens in prometaphase of M phase? (2)

Answer 15

1) nuclear envelope fragments
2) microtubules and kinetochore connect

Question 16

What happens in metaphase of M phase?
1) _______ align on _______
2) _______ at one spindle pole

Answer 16

1) Chromosomes, metaphase plate
2) centrosome

Question 17

Centrosomes nucleate spindle fiber microtubules:
- minus (-) end at the _______
- plus (+) end grows towards the _______

Answer 17

centrosome
kinetochores

Question 18

The spindle fibers emanate from the centrosome in a pattern called the _______

Answer 18

aster

Question 19

What are the 3 types of microtubules and what do they do?

Answer 19

1) kinetochore microtubules
- connect centrosome to kinetochore
2) polar microtubules
- connect to each other and elongate the cell
3) astral microtubules
- push against the membrane for stability and shape

Question 20

What protein holds sister chromatids together?

Answer 20

cohesin

Question 21

in anaphase, the sister chromatids separate due to the action of the enzyme _______ which causes _______

Answer 21

separase
disjunction

Question 22

_______ is the failure of Sister chromatids to separate properly

Answer 22

non-disjunction

Question 23

Describe the shortening of microtubules.

Answer 23

Microtubules depolarize at the + end, moving towards the centrioles, yet the kinetochore still attaches to it

Question 24

What happens in telophase of M phase?
1) _______ membrane reassembles
2) chromosomes ________

Answer 24

1) nuclear
2) de-condense

Question 25

Cytokinesis in animal cells have a contractile ring of _______ creates a _______ around the circumference of the cell

Answer 25

Actin
cleavage furrow

Question 26

Cytokinesis in plant cells have vesicles that make a _______ in the midline of the cell

Answer 26

cell plate

Question 27

_______ are monitored by protein interactions for readiness

Answer 27

cell cycle checkpoints

Question 28

_______: Pass if cell size is adequate and chromosome replication is successfully completed

Answer 28

G2 checkpoint

Question 29

_______: Pass if all chromosomes are attached to mitotic spindle

Answer 29

metaphase checkpoint

Question 30

________: pass if DNA replication is complete and has been screened to remove base-pair mismatch or error

Answer 30

S-phase checkpoint

Question 31

_______: pass if cell size is adequate, nutrient availability is sufficient, and growth factors are present

Answer 31

G1 checkpoint