chapter 10 part 1 Flashcards
Chromosomes do not occupy the same territory in each nucleus, they are found in _______
territories
_________ domains are regions between the chromosome territories
inter-chromosomal
Interchromosomal domains are channels for movement of _______, _______, _______
proteins
enzymes
RNA molecules
What is a karyotype?
the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes
_______ uses molecular probes labeled with fluorescence to detect their target sequence
In situ hybridization (FISH)
What does p stand for on a chromosome?
short arm
What does q stand for on a chromosome?
long arm
_______: the centromere is near the middle of the chromosome
metacentric
_______: the centromere is between the center and the tip
submetacentric
_______: the centromere is close to one end
acrocentric
_______: the centromere is at the tip of the chromosome and there is no p arm
telocentric
________: a piece of DNA without a centromere
acentric
Compare heterochromatin and euchromatin:
1) condensation
2) silenced and expressed genes
3) type of staining
4) repitition of DNA
1) heterochromatin more condensed than euchromatin
2) hetero silenced (methylated), eu expressed (acetylated)
3) hetero = dark, eu = light
4) hetero = more repetitive, eu = less repetitive
The standard for human chromosome banding is _______; the patterns are distinct and reproducible
G (Giemsa) banding
What does 1q3.2.3 tell you
chromosome 1, arm q, region 3.2.3
_______ is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate as they normally do during cell division
chromosome nondisjunction
Nondisjunction in meiosis I results in:
2 (n+1) gametes
2 (n-1) gametes
- all gametes are affected
Nondisjunction in meiosis II results in:
1 (n+1) gamete
1 (n-1) gamete
2 normal gametes
changes in _______ lead to an imbalance of gene products from the affected chromosome relative to the unaffected chromosome
gene dosage
What are the 3 autosomal aneuploidy diseases?
1) trisomy 13 (patau)
2) trisomy 18 (edward)
3) trisomy 21 (down)
What is the term for the sex-chromosome aneuploidy XXY?
Klinefelter’s syndrome
What is the term for the sex-chromosome aneuploidy XYY?
Jacob syndrome
What is the term for the sex-chromosome aneuploidy XXX?
triple X syndrome
What is the term for the sex-chromosome aneuploidy XO?
Turner syndrome