chapter 10 part 1

Question 1

Chromosomes do not occupy the same territory in each nucleus, they are found in _______

Answer 1

territories

Question 2

_________ domains are regions between the chromosome territories

Answer 2

inter-chromosomal

Question 3

Interchromosomal domains are channels for movement of _______, _______, _______

Answer 3

proteins
enzymes
RNA molecules

Question 4

What is a karyotype?

Answer 4

the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes

Question 5

_______ uses molecular probes labeled with fluorescence to detect their target sequence

Answer 5

In situ hybridization (FISH)

Question 6

What does p stand for on a chromosome?

Answer 6

short arm

Question 7

What does q stand for on a chromosome?

Answer 7

long arm

Question 8

_______: the centromere is near the middle of the chromosome

Answer 8

metacentric

Question 9

_______: the centromere is between the center and the tip

Answer 9

submetacentric

Question 10

_______: the centromere is close to one end

Answer 10

acrocentric

Question 11

_______: the centromere is at the tip of the chromosome and there is no p arm

Answer 11

telocentric

Question 12

________: a piece of DNA without a centromere

Answer 12

acentric

Question 13

Compare heterochromatin and euchromatin:
1) condensation
2) silenced and expressed genes
3) type of staining
4) repitition of DNA

Answer 13

1) heterochromatin more condensed than euchromatin
2) hetero silenced (methylated), eu expressed (acetylated)
3) hetero = dark, eu = light
4) hetero = more repetitive, eu = less repetitive

Question 14

The standard for human chromosome banding is _______; the patterns are distinct and reproducible

Answer 14

G (Giemsa) banding

Question 15

What does 1q3.2.3 tell you

Answer 15

chromosome 1, arm q, region 3.2.3

Question 16

_______ is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate as they normally do during cell division

Answer 16

chromosome nondisjunction

Question 17

Nondisjunction in meiosis I results in:

Answer 17

2 (n+1) gametes
2 (n-1) gametes
- all gametes are affected

Question 18

Nondisjunction in meiosis II results in:

Answer 18

1 (n+1) gamete
1 (n-1) gamete
2 normal gametes

Question 19

changes in _______ lead to an imbalance of gene products from the affected chromosome relative to the unaffected chromosome

Answer 19

gene dosage

Question 20

What are the 3 autosomal aneuploidy diseases?

Answer 20

1) trisomy 13 (patau)
2) trisomy 18 (edward)
3) trisomy 21 (down)

Question 21

What is the term for the sex-chromosome aneuploidy XXY?

Answer 21

Klinefelter’s syndrome

Question 22

What is the term for the sex-chromosome aneuploidy XYY?

Answer 22

Jacob syndrome

Question 23

What is the term for the sex-chromosome aneuploidy XXX?

Answer 23

triple X syndrome

Question 24

What is the term for the sex-chromosome aneuploidy XO?

Answer 24

Turner syndrome

Question 25

_______ occurs due to the presence of the anomalous extra isochromosome 12p

Answer 25

Pallister-Killian syndrome

Question 26

An _______ is an unbalanced structural abnormality in which the arms of the chromosome are mirror images of each other

Answer 26

isochrome

Question 27

Pallister-Killian syndrome leads to the development of _______

Answer 27

tetrasomy 12p

Question 28

Because not all cells have the extra isochromosome, Pallister-Killian syndrome is a _______ condition

Answer 28

mosaic

Question 29

Research has identified a link between the risk of trisomy 21 and _______

Answer 29

maternal age

Question 30

a portion of the chromosome called the _______ can be correlated with the majority of the Down syndrome symptoms

Answer 30

DSCR (down syndrome critical region)

Question 31

A candidate gene _______, known to produce dosage-sensitive learning defects in mice and flies, makes a major contribution to Down syndrome

Answer 31

DYRK

Question 32

In XO embryos, the single copy of the gene _______, which is not inactivated by dosage compensation, is insufficient to direct normal development (what in particular?)

Answer 32

SHOX
infertility (sterile)

Question 33

_______ can develop as a result of mitotic nondisjunction early in embryogenesis
- 25% of Turner syndrome cases are the result of this with 46 XX cells, 45 XO, and 47 XXX

Answer 33

mosaicism

Question 34

A rare abnormality, _______ sometimes occurs in humans, and is when both copies of a homologous chromosome are from the same parent

Answer 34

Uniparental Disomy (UPD)

Question 35

In a process called _______, one copy of the trisomy chromosome is randomly ejected in one of the first mitotic division after fertilization. If the two copies retained by the zygote are from the same parent, _______ results

Answer 35

trisomy rescue
uniparental disomy

Question 36

_______ is the presence of three or more whole sets of chromosomes in the nucleus of an organism

Answer 36

polyploidy

Question 37

Polyploidy that results from duplication of chromosome sets within a species is called _______

Answer 37

autopolyploidy

Question 38

Polyploidy that results from duplication of chromosome sets of different species is called _______

Answer 38

allopolyploidy

Question 39

Allopolyploidy involves sets of partially homologous chromosomes called _______ and results in _______ the amount of chromosomes

Answer 39

homeologous
double

Question 40

_______ wanted plant with cabbage leaves and radish roots

Answer 40

G. Karpechenko

Question 41

_______: an interspecific hybrid having a complete diploid set from each parent form

Answer 41

amphidiploid