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Wset2-wines > Chapter 3: Grape Growing and Wine Production > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Grape Growing and Wine Production Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main stages of the annual grape growing cycle?

A

Dormancy, Budburst, Flowering, Fruit Set, Veraison, Ripening

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2
Q

What is veraison?

A

The stage when grapes change color and begin to ripen.

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3
Q

What is the ideal temperature range for vine growth?

A

10–20°C (50–68°F)

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4
Q

What are the main climatic influences on grape growing?

A

Latitude, Altitude, Ocean currents, Rivers, Aspect

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5
Q

How does latitude affect vine growing?

A

Most vineyards are found between 30° and 50° latitude in both hemispheres.

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6
Q

What is terroir?

A

The unique combination of environmental factors, including soil, climate, and topography, influencing wine characteristics.

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7
Q

What are the three main soil components important for vines?

A

Sand, Silt, Clay

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8
Q

Why is drainage important for grape growing?

A

It prevents waterlogging, which can damage vines and dilute grape flavors.

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9
Q

What are the two main pruning techniques?

A

Cane pruning, Spur pruning

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of removing excess grape clusters to improve quality is called _______.

A

Thinning

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11
Q

True or False: Most vineyards are located in regions with extreme temperatures.

A

False

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12
Q

What is the role of sunlight in grape growing?

A

It is essential for photosynthesis, which affects grape ripening and flavor development.

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13
Q

What factors influence grape ripening?

A

Temperature, sunlight, water availability

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: The stage of the grape growing cycle where the grapes reach their full color and sweetness is called _______.

A

Ripening

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15
Q

What are the effects of high altitude on grape growing?

A

Cooler temperatures, increased UV radiation, and potential for unique flavor profiles.

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16
Q

What is the significance of ocean currents in grape growing?

A

They can moderate temperatures and influence local climates.

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17
Q

What are the main stages of the annual grape growing cycle?

A

Dormancy, Budburst, Flowering, Fruit Set, Veraison, Ripening

These stages represent the life cycle of grapevines throughout the year.

18
Q

What is veraison?

A

The stage when grapes change color and begin to ripen

Veraison is a critical stage indicating the transition from growth to ripening.

19
Q

What is the ideal temperature range for vine growth?

A

10–20°C (50–68°F)

This temperature range supports optimal vine development.

20
Q

What are the main climatic influences on grape growing?

A

Latitude, Altitude, Ocean currents, Rivers, Aspect

These factors significantly affect the microclimate of vineyards.

21
Q

How does latitude affect vine growing?

A

Most vineyards are found between 30° and 50° latitude in both hemispheres

This range is optimal for grape ripening due to sufficient sunlight.

22
Q

What is terroir?

A

The unique combination of environmental factors, including soil, climate, and topography, influencing wine characteristics

Terroir is essential in defining the identity of a wine.

23
Q

What are the three main soil components important for vines?

A

Sand, Silt, Clay

Each soil type affects drainage and nutrient availability.

24
Q

Why is drainage important for grape growing?

A

It prevents waterlogging, which can damage vines and dilute grape flavors

Proper drainage ensures healthy root systems.

25
Q

What are the two main pruning techniques?

A

Spur pruning and Cane pruning

These techniques help manage vine growth and fruit quality.

26
Q

What is canopy management, and why is it important?

A

Techniques to control the vine’s leaves and shoots to optimize sunlight exposure and air circulation

Proper canopy management enhances grape quality and disease resistance.

27
Q

How does the age of the vine affect grape quality?

A

Older vines often produce lower yields but more concentrated flavors

This is a desirable trait for many winemakers.

28
Q

What is the purpose of green harvesting?

A

To remove excess grape bunches to concentrate the flavors in the remaining grapes

This practice improves the quality of the final wine.

29
Q

What are the key pests and diseases that affect grapevines?

A

Phylloxera, Powdery mildew, Downy mildew, Botrytis (Noble Rot)

These threats can significantly impact grape yield and quality.

30
Q

What is phylloxera, and how is it managed?

A

A vine pest that attacks roots; managed by grafting vines onto resistant rootstocks

This method has been crucial in protecting vineyards globally.

31
Q

What are the two types of fermentation commonly used in winemaking?

A

Alcoholic fermentation and Malolactic fermentation

Both processes are essential for developing wine’s flavor profile.

32
Q

What is alcoholic fermentation?

A

The process where yeast converts sugar into alcohol, CO₂, and heat

This is the primary fermentation process in winemaking.

33
Q

What temperature range is typical for red wine fermentation?

A

20–32°C (68–89.6°F)

This range allows for optimal extraction of color and tannins.

34
Q

What temperature range is typical for white wine fermentation?

A

12–22°C (53.6–71.6°F)

Cooler fermentation preserves the fresh and fruity characteristics of white wines.

35
Q

What is malolactic fermentation (MLF)?

A

The conversion of malic acid to lactic acid, softening the wine’s acidity

MLF is particularly common in red wines and some whites.

36
Q

What is the purpose of cold stabilization in winemaking?

A

To prevent tartrate crystals from forming in the bottle

This process improves the wine’s visual appeal.

37
Q

What is the difference between free-run juice and press juice?

A

Free-run juice: Comes from grapes naturally crushed by their weight; Press juice: Extracted using mechanical pressure

Free-run juice is often considered higher quality.

38
Q

What is the role of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) in winemaking?

A

To protect wine from oxidation and microbial spoilage

SO₂ is a critical preservative in winemaking.

39
Q

What are the main methods of wine maturation?

A

Stainless steel, concrete tanks, oak barrels

Each method imparts different characteristics to the wine.

40
Q

How does oak aging affect wine?

A

It adds flavors (e.g., vanilla, toast, spice) and allows for slow oxidation

Oak aging can significantly enhance the complexity of a wine.

41
Q

What are the main factors that influence a wine’s price?

A

Cost of production, Marketing, Distribution, and Taxes

These factors collectively determine the retail price of wine.

Wset2-wines (55 decks)

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