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MIS 2000 > Chapter 3: Data and Business Intelligence > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Data and Business Intelligence Flashcards

1
Q

Database

A

collection of related data stored in central or multiple locations. (Group of files)

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2
Q

Data Hierarchy Components (3)

A

Data File
Record
Field

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3
Q

Data File

A

Group of related records

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4
Q

Records

A

row of data files and fields

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5
Q

Field

A

column in data file

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6
Q

Database Design: Physical View and example

A

one physical view to store and retrieve data etc CD, Tape, Disk

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7
Q

Database Design: Logical View and 3 structures

A

The form of the data model and how data is presented to users
1. Hierarchical Model
2. Network Model
3. Relational Model

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8
Q

Hierarchical Model

A

Distinct authority and sequence of data, order to look up files, add or delete lines

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9
Q

Network Model

A

Different Path Sequences of data to look up files. Can change and edit

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10
Q

Relational Model and contains a…

A

Data Files linked through keys etc spreadsheets
and contains a data dictionary

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11
Q

Relational Model and contains a…

A

Data Files linked through keys etc spreadsheets
and contains a data dictionary

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12
Q

Data Dictionary Components and description (3)

A

Field Name (attribute)
Field Data Type (type)
Validation (Rule)

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13
Q

Primary Key

A

Unique identifier for each record

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14
Q

Foreign Key

A

establishes relationships among multiple tasks, primary key appears in another table

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15
Q

Normalization

A

eliminates redundant data, improves efficiency

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16
Q

Why don’t we have one large table or large data file?

A

Smaller tables increase efficiency, relevancy and reduce redundancy

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17
Q

Database Management Software

A

creating, storing, maintaining and accessing database files

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18
Q

2 Methods to access data files

A

Sequential, Random, Indexing

19
Q

Sequential

A

Specific or numerical order

20
Q

Random

A

Any order, regardless of location

21
Q

Indexing

A

Access sequential or random, combination of both

22
Q

Database Management Software: Database Engine
responsibilities and tasks

A

responsible for data storage and manipulation, retrieval
tasks: converts logical requests from users into physical equivalents

23
Q

Database Management Software: Data Definition 3 tasks

A

create and maintain data dictionary
define structure of files
change fields

24
Q

Database Management Software: Data Manipulation
4 major functions and second component

A

add, delete, retrieve, modify
Query Language

25
Q

Query Language: what are they
4 major functions
conditional words

A

Keywords that specify actions
Inset, delete, select and update
other: from, where, order, and, not, or, join (conditions)

26
Q

Query by example:
Process

A

construct statement of query forms, graphical interface
request data from database and comes in database table or formats using query language code

27
Q

Database Management Software: Application Generation

A

design elements of an application using a database

28
Q

Data entry:

A

interactive menus and interfaces with other programming languages

29
Q

Database Management Software: Data Administration (5 tasks)

A

Backup and recovery
security
change management
design
evaluation

30
Q

Object Oriented Databases: what is it?

Attributes
Methods

A

database similar to high level codes that represent real world entities

Attributes: characteristics and qualities
Methods: what they can do

31
Q

Encapsulation:

A

Group attributes and method of class to restrict modification

32
Q

Inheritance:

A

New class have same attributes and methods with modified specification

33
Q

Data Driven Website
useful for (2)

A

interface to database, retrieval of data and enter data
e-commerce and forums/discussions

34
Q

Distributed Databases
- servers (3)
- pros
- cons

A

Data stored in multiple servers
fragmentation, replication, allocations
pros: faster queries, minimize cost and failures
cons: less secure

35
Q

Data-warehouse and data comes from

A

collection of data support decision-making applications and generating business intelligence

data comes from internal and external

36
Q

Data-warehouse process (ETL)

A

extraction - collect data
Transformation - correct format to meet needs
loading - transfer data to warehouse

37
Q

Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)

A

organize data, provide multidimensional analysis (cube)

38
Q

Data mining analysis

A

discover patterns and relations

39
Q

Information and reports for decision making (3)

A

cross reference, find patterns and trends, analyze historical data quickly

40
Q

Types of Data (3)

A

Raw: original form
Summary: subtotals of categories
Metadata: info etc content, quality, origin, condition

41
Q

Data Mart
Advantage

A

Smaller version of data warehouse used by single department or function
Advantage: access faster, easy to create, less expensive

42
Q

Data Lake

A

gathers and stores raw data in a central locations

43
Q

Big Data 5 V’s and description

A

Velocity: process time and streams, data collection
Value: probability, patterns, correlation
Veracity: Quality of data or errors, validity and reliability
Variety: Format and structure of data
Volume: how much data, records, files

44
Q

Business Analytics
Descriptive
Predictive
Prescriptive

A

data and statistical models to gain insight into the data
what happened
predict future or events
prepare and how to prevent

MIS 2000 (13 decks)

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