Chapter 2: Computers and Their Business Application Flashcards
Computer
Machine that accepts data as input, processes data with programmed instructions, gives an output. What we use in University LOL
Computer Languages
Program instructions that tell a computer what to do
GIGO
Garbage in = Garbage out
Wrong or incorrect data = wrong information outputted
Computer Languages (5) with some examples
Machine: Binary 0s and 1s
Assembly
High Level: C, C+, Java, Python
Fourth Generation: Structured Query Language
Fifth Generation: Brain computing, visual and graphical programming etc iron man
Hardware Components - Physical Devices
Keyboards, monitors, processing units
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
single or multi
retrieves and executes instructions. The CPU is essentially the brain of the system
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Arithmetic operations, comparison, binary codes
Control Unit
tells computer what to do or read or perform
RAM: Random Access Memory (Main Memory)
store data and information, program loads, volatile <- content lost when powered off
ROM: Read Only Memory (Secondary Memory)
Nonvolatile, start and shut down computer, archival storage
PROM and EPROM
Programmable Read Only Memory
Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
Cache RAM
stores recently accessed memory
Secondary memory: Magnetic Disks:
random-access processing
Secondary memory: Magnetic Tape:
Stores data sequentially
Secondary memory: Optical Discs
laser beams to access store and data etc DVD
Cloud Storage
online storage and back up
Other Secondary Memory Components
Hard Disk, Flash Drive, Secure Digital Card, Solid State Drive
RAID: Redundant Independent Disks
used to keep programs from failing, makes copy of data and if one fails it restores a back up
Storage Area Network (SAN)
high speed network consisting of hardware and software to manage shared storage accessible to all servers
Network Attached Storage (large server)
Network- connected computer - provided file based data storage services to other network devices
Input devices and examples
send data and information to computer etc keyboard, mouse, touch screen, barcode reader
Output devices
monitor (soft copy), printer (hard copy)
Bus
Parallel
Internal
External
link between devices connect to the computer
connect computer to printer
connect to video card/memory
connect to usb
CPU Case
contains main components
Motherboard
main circuit board
memory, connectors, cpu, storage
Computer Components Software (2)
run computer system
application
system
Server and types
computer and software for managing network resources and offer service etc storage, applications
web, file, mail, database
Application Software
commercial or in house developed, performs variety of tasks on a personal computer etc Microsoft Office Applications
operating system software (2)
interface between computer and user
control and manage hardware and software
Operating system controls (4)
job management, resource allocation, data management, communication
Buying Computer Qualities (5)
Speed, Accuracy, Arithmetic, logical, Storage and Retrieval
Speed and CPU measure and what are increments
KHz (Milli), MHz (Micro), GHz (Nano), THz (Picro) - increments of 1000x
Accuracy
avoid mistakes and calculations etc 0.00089 is not 0.00090
Storage and Retrieval how many bits in a byte
saving data and accessing data from memory 8 bits in a byte
Review Diagrams
