Chapter 3 - Cells

Question 1

What is a cell?

Answer 1

Basic unit of life

Question 2

State the Cell Theory?

Answer 2

(Schwann, Schleiden) All living things are made of cells
(Virchow) Cells come from cells
Cells are the basic unit of life
Homeostasis is maintained at the cellular level

Question 3

List the components of the Hierarchy of Structural Organization of Living Things

Answer 3

Non-living	Atom
			Molecule
Living		Cell
			Tissue
			Organs
			Individual

Question 4

How do prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes?

Answer 4

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles

Question 5

Define organelle

Answer 5

Functional unit of the cell

Question 6

How do organelles contribute to efficiency in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 6

They are compartments that carry out specialized functions

Question 7

List the macromolecules that form the plasma membrane

Answer 7

phospholipids, proteins, carbohydrates

Question 8

Describe the chemical structure of the plasma membrane according to the Fluid Mosaic model of the Plasma Membrane

Answer 8

A combination of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins

Question 9

What is the difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic?

Answer 9

Hydrophobic – repels water

Hydrophilic – attracts to water

Question 10

How is the phospholipid bilayer organized?

Answer 10

The hydrophilic heads are facing the watery medium outside and inside the cell while the hydrophobic tails face each other on the inside

Question 11

What is the difference between an integral and peripheral protein?

Answer 11

Integral protein – contacts the hydrophobic region of the phospholipid bilayer

Peripheral protein – does not contact the hydrophobic region of the phospholipid bilayer

Question 12

What is the role of the plasma membrane?

Answer 12

Semipermeable membrane that forms the boundary of the cell

Question 13

Describe the structure and function of the nucleus?

Answer 13

Structure – double membrane called the nuclear envelope surrounds the DNA

Function – controls the cells metabolism and reproduction

Question 14

What are the differences between the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 14

The rough endoplasmic reticulum contains ribosomes that are involved in protein synthesis. The Smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not.
Rough ER synthesizes proteins;
Smooth ER synthesizes Lipids

Question 15

Describe the structure and function of Golgi apparatus?

Answer 15

Structure – consists of a minimum of 3 tubules – cis, medial, and trans

Function – modify and sort proteins

Question 16

Describe the structure and function of lysosomes?

Answer 16

Structure – membrane enclosed sac with no internal organization

Function – contain hydrolytic enzymes that break or convert polymers into monomers

Question 17

Describe the structure and function of vacuole?

Answer 17

Structure – single membrane bound

Function – store pigments, water, starch, fats, and oils

Question 18

Describe the structure and function of mitochondria?

Answer 18

Structure – made of a double membrane – the outer is smooth but the inner forms projections called cristae

Function – produce ATP during cellular respiration

Question 19

Describe the structure and function of chloroplast?

Answer 19

Structure – made of a double membrane – stacks of thylakoid disks form granum and are situated on the inner membrane

Function – photosynthesis

Question 20

Describe the structure and function of ribosome?

Answer 20

Structure – made of 2 subunits – large subunit and small subunit – each subunit is composed of proteins and ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Function – sit of protein synthesis. These proteins stay in the cell

Question 21

Where is the cell wall found?

Answer 21

Located around the plasma membranes

Question 22

Describe the material that forms the cell wall of plant cells

Answer 22

made of cellulose

Question 23

What functions do the cell walls provide?

Answer 23

Rigid structure that surrounds the plasma membrane

Question 24

Describe the structure and function of centrioles?

Answer 24

Structure – 9:2 arrangements of microtubules

Function – separate double stranded chromosomes

Question 25

How are cilia and flagella similar and how are the different?

Answer 25

Both cilia and flagella are strands of microtubules used to move cells. Cilia is short and flagella are long

Question 26

Which 3 organelles have a double membrane?

Answer 26

The Nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplast

Question 27

List 3 differences between plant and animal cells.

Answer 27

Plant cells have a cell wall, one large central vacuole and no centrioles

Animal cells have no cell wall, many small vacuoles, and contain centrioles