Chapter 1 - Scientific Study of Life

Question 1

Define biology

Answer 1

the study of life or living things

Question 2

What is an organism?

Answer 2

Single living individual

Question 3

List the 5 characteristics of life

Answer 3

Organization
Metabolism
Irritability
Reproduction
Evolution

Question 4

What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism?

Answer 4

Anabolism – synthesis; composition (combine small substances together to form a large one)
Reactant yields Product
A + B yields AB

Catabolism – decompose; degrade (break down a large substance into smaller substances)
Reactant yields Product
AB yields A + B

Question 5

What is a chemical change?

Answer 5

Atoms rearrange in a molecule to form a new molecule

Question 6

Define energy

Answer 6

ability to do work

Question 7

What is the difference between potential energy and kinetic energy?

Answer 7

Potential – stored energy

Kinetic – energy of movement

Question 8

List the 5 forms of energy

Answer 8

Light, heat, mechanical, electrical, chemical

Question 9

What is the difference between Autotrophs and Heterotrophs?

Answer 9

Autotrophs – make their own food

Heterotrophs – cannot make their own food

Question 10

List the components of the Hierarchy of Structural Organization of Living Matter in order

Answer 10

Non-living	Atom
			Molecule
Living		Cell
			Tissue
			Organs
			Individual

Question 11

Define irritability

Answer 11

Response or Reaction to a stimulus (cause the reaction)

Question 12

What is the difference between a stimulus and a response?

Answer 12

Stimulus – something that causes a response; cold outside

Response – reaction to a stimulus; body shivers from cold

Question 13

Define reproduction

Answer 13

to make new life

Question 14

What are the differences between asexual and sexual reproduction?

Answer 14

Asexual – single parent gives rise to an offspring; a clone of the parent.

Sexual – single cell produced by two different parents (male and female) combine to form a zygote (fertilized egg). Zygote develops into an offspring.

Question 15

Define evolution

Answer 15

A change in the population over time

Question 16

Define adaptation

Answer 16

Inherited traits that enable individuals to survive in an environment

Question 17

What is the basic unit of evolution?

Answer 17

Population – members of the same species living in a defined region

Question 18

Define observation

Answer 18

use the 5 senses to perceive a problem or phenomena

Question 19

Define scientific method

Answer 19

series of steps used to solve a problem

Question 20

What is the difference between the control group and the experimental group in a controlled experiment?

Answer 20

Control group – standard; reference

Experimental group – introduce a single variable (change)

Question 21

What is the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable?

Answer 21

Independent variable – manipulated variable (stimulus)

Dependent variable – responding variable

Question 22

What is a theory?

Answer 22

Probable explanation for a set of data

Question 23

State the Cell Theory

Answer 23

all living things are made of cells

Question 24

State the Theory of Organic Evolution

Answer 24

Theory claiming that new species arise and are perpetuated by natural selection
Natural Selection – the environment selects some favorable traits to survive and reproduce while the unfavorable traits die out

Question 25

State the Atomic Theory

Answer 25

atoms are the smallest particles of matter

Question 26

Define data

Answer 26

information

Question 27

What is the difference between an hypothesis and a theory?

Answer 27

Hypothesis – testable statement or “educated guess”

Theory – probable explanation for a set of data

Question 28

State the Hypotheses on the Extinction of Life

Answer 28

meteorite, disease, temperature change, competition, low reproductive rate