Chapter 3, cell interior

Question 1

flagella

Answer 1

Embedded in cell wall/ membrane of BACTERIA, propeller movement, run (move) and tumble (turn, abrupt change)

Question 2

gram - flagella

Answer 2

4 ring due to outter membrane

Question 3

gram + bacteria flagella

Answer 3

2 rings due to no outter membrane

Question 4

taxis

Answer 4

move toward or away from something

Question 5

axial filaments/ endoflagella

Answer 5

spirochetes (gram -), spiral like, anchored at one end, rotation

Question 6

pili/ fimbriae

Answer 6

mostly gram-, hairlike, shorter striaght and thinner than flagella, for attachment, DNA transfer, motility, antigen

Question 7

cytoplasm

Answer 7

ANYTHING on the inside of the plasma, 80% water

Question 8

nucleoid

Answer 8

location of genome/DNA, tightly packed DNA (less than viruses and euk), usually has one chromosome

Question 9

coupled Transcription and translation (pro)

Answer 9

a messenger RNA can be translated as it is being transcribed

Question 10

Prokaryotic cell chromosome (bacteria/archaea)

Answer 10

single (mostly) and circular

Question 11

packing tightness based on

Answer 11

ionic strength (cations like mg+ present), DNA folding proteins, supercoiling

Question 12

DNA gyrase

Answer 12

negative supercoil

Question 13

topoisomerase I

Answer 13

negative supercoil

Question 14

Transcription/translation occurs at

Answer 14

nucleoid/cytoplasm interface (edge), DNA will wiggle to become more available for transcription

Question 15

cytosol

Answer 15

liquid portion of cytoplasm, where the organelles are suspended

Question 16

macromolecules in cytosol portion

Answer 16

30% w/v
contains enzymes, regulatory proteins, building blocks

Question 17

ribosomes found in

Answer 17

cytosol

Question 18

ribosomes made of

Answer 18

protein and rRNA

Question 19

prokaryotic ribosome size

Answer 19

70s (50s + 30s)

Question 20

crowding in the cytosol

Answer 20

allows for quick protein folding, keeps DNA in nucleoid, allow for plasmid packaging, steric repulsion (allows small atoms to move though)

Question 21

structures in polyribosomes

Answer 21

polyribosomes, plasmid

Question 22

cytoskeleton (prokaryotic)

Answer 22

structural filaments, can provide shape

Question 23

ftsZ

Answer 23

cytoskeleton protein, spherical loops, in S. aureus

Question 24

MreB

Answer 24

Cytoskeleton protein, rod shaped loops, in e coli and b. subtillis

Question 25

crescentin

Answer 25

cytoskeleton protein, line, vibroid, hotdog looking kinda

Question 26

gas vesicles

Answer 26

in aquatic photosynthetic bacteria, buoyancy, protein shell, prevents water from entering
ex. cyanobacteria

Question 27

Thylakoids

Answer 27

plasma membrane folding, contains pigments, proteins, cofactors for capturing light, photosynthesis

Question 28

carboxysomes

Answer 28

co2 fixing, protein shell, contains RuBisCo (photosynthesis enzyme)
In: cyanobacteria

Question 29

storage granules/ inclusion bodies

Answer 29

stores s, p, ca, organic polymers, glycogen, PHA

Question 30

magnetotactic bacteria

Answer 30

motile, aquatic, iron crystals in cytoplasmic membrane, iron helps bacteria orient it

can be used for cancer treatments, shooting DNA in cells, yuh

Question 31

polyribosome

Answer 31

a cluster of ribosomes linked together by messenger RNA and forming the site of protein synthesis

Question 32

structures found in the cytoskeleton

Answer 32

inclusion bodies, gas vesicles, thylakoids, Carboxysomes, Magnetosomes

Question 33

Plasmid

Answer 33

a small circular DNA molecule found in bacteria and other microbes, not necessary for life.

Question 34

granule cytosol appearance is due to

Answer 34

ribosomes

Question 35

ribosome function

Answer 35

protein synthesis, reads the mRNA for translation

Question 36

monotrichous

Answer 36

one flagella

Question 37

lophotrichous

Answer 37

many flagella in one spot

Question 38

amphitrichous

Answer 38

flagella at both ends

Question 39

peritrichous

Answer 39

flagella all over