20 Flashcards
symbiosis
two bros live together
mutualism
both benefits (lichens)
commensalism
one benefits, other doesn’t
normal microbiota
permanently colonize the host
FUCK ADD LATER
transient microbiota
may be there for a few days/weeks/months
parasitism
one good one bad
all microbial pathogens
opportunistic pathogens
normal microbes but will fuck shit up once things go south.
ex e coli
parasite
cause of infectious disease
infection
multiplication of microbes on/in body with no symptoms
disease
impairment of health with signs
symptom
change in function that is felt as a result of disease, subjective
sign
change in body that can be measured as a result of disease
ex- fever
syndroms
specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany disease
dose (n)
number of microbes one encounters
resistance (r)
host immunity
severity of infection equation (D)
nv/r
infective dose (ID)
minimal number of microbes necessary for infection
virulence effect on infective dose
more virulent= lower ID
lethal dose 50
number of microbes needed to kill 50% of organisms infected with it
pathogenicity
ability to cause disease
virulence
measure of pathogenicity
defensive strat
allow microbes to escape destruction
adhesins, capsules, antigenic variation, etc
offensive ermmmmm
antibiotics?
adherence
allows to stick
capsules (what it made of)
Glycocalyx around the cell wall
* Impair phagocytosi
adhesins
allows pathogen to stick to receptors in host
ex glycocalyx, fimbriae
biofilms
communities that share communities
antigenic variation
pathogens alter their surface antigen to overcome antibodies
m protein
resist phagocytosis
in strep pyogenes
opa
protien that allows attachment to host cells
in n gonorrhoeae
waxy lipid/ mycolic
resist digestion
in tuberculosis
coagulases
coagulate fibrinogen- make blood clots
kinases
digest fibrin clots
hyaluronidase
digest polysaccharides that hold cells together
collagenase
break down collagen
iga proteases
destroy iga antibodies
predisposing factors
make body more susceptible to disease
microbial disease steps
incubation, prodromal, illness, decline convalesence
local infection
pathogens limited to small area
ex boil, abscess, pimple
systemic infection
An infection throughout the
body
– measlesis
bacteremia
bacteria in vlood
septicemia
growth of bacteria in the blood
primary infection
acute infection that causes ilnital illness
secondary infection
opportunistic infection after primary
endemic
refry found at steady level in location
sporadic
occasionally happen, unpredicable
epidemic
sudden incerese in morbidity and mortality above norm
pandemic
across continents
communicable diseases
that can spread
contagious disease
easily spread
incidence
number of new cases in a defined period of time
prevalence
number of people in a pop having a specific disease at a given time
herd imunity
indirect protection bc pop is mostly immune
ro
number of cases one case can generate over course of of infection
r0 accounts for
transit, FINISH
if R0 is over 1
epidemic
iff R0 is qual to 1
endemic
If R0 is less than 1
epidemic will disappear
aspects of microbial disease
pathogen, fuck
reservoir
where you will find pathogen
example of reservoirs
humans (all conditions), annuals, nonliving
cycle of microbial disease
pathogen
reservoir
transmission
portal of entry
portal of exit
zoonoses
disease in animals
transmission
mechanism the shit is spread from reservoir to person
portals of entry
mucous membrane
skin
parenteral route (dropped right into tissue when barrier are penetrated)
portals of exit
respiratory tract
gastrointestinal tract
genitourinary tract
immune system
recognize and destroy foreign antigen
2 major componentsof immune system
nonspecific/innate
specific/adaptive
immune status
varies
determines outcome of infection
immune repsonce problems
allergies, autoimmune disease, transplant
primary immune structures
bone marrow, thymus
blood cells are made in
bone marrow
white blood cells
leukocytes
granulocytes
part of innate response
neutrophils
key phagocytic cells
arganulocytes
both adaptive and response
monocytes
key phagocytic cells, innate response
lymphocytes
crucial cells of adaptive response
t lymphocytes
T- helper (TH), cells, cytotoxic (Tc) cells
b lymphocytes
– B lymphocytes, producers of antibodies
secondary immune structure
spleen, tonsils, adenoids, lymph nodes, Peters patch
innate defenses
block microbes from entry, helps eliminate those that have entered
innate differs
present since birth (not a result of infection), against type of microbe, not specifics
specific immunity includes
lymphocytes, antigens, humoral immunity, cell mediate immunity
humoral immunity
production of antibodies (specific!!) from b lymp, aided by helper T cells
activated lymphocytes become
plasma cells
memory B cells
stay inside organism and give life long immunity
active immunization
gaining immunity from recovering forma disease
artificial imunity
from vaccine
immune serum/ immunoglobulin
preformed antibodies from human or animal source-
short lived, for immediate protection
serum sickness
immune reaction against antibodies that are put in
Microbial Ecology
Study of interactions between organisms and
their environment
Goal of Ecology:
Determine which organisms are living in a particular environment (who) and what are they doing there?
offensive Strats
Enzymes: coagulases, kinases,
hyaluronidase, collagenase, IgA proteases
– Exotoxins
– Endotoxin
toxemia
Toxins in the blood
antigen
forgiven substance that enters your body
