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microbio > 20 > Flashcards

20 Flashcards

1
Q

symbiosis

A

two bros live together

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2
Q

mutualism

A

both benefits (lichens)

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3
Q

commensalism

A

one benefits, other doesn’t

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4
Q

normal microbiota

A

permanently colonize the host
FUCK ADD LATER

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5
Q

transient microbiota

A

may be there for a few days/weeks/months

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6
Q

parasitism

A

one good one bad
all microbial pathogens

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7
Q

opportunistic pathogens

A

normal microbes but will fuck shit up once things go south.
ex e coli

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8
Q

parasite

A

cause of infectious disease

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9
Q

infection

A

multiplication of microbes on/in body with no symptoms

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10
Q

disease

A

impairment of health with signs

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11
Q

symptom

A

change in function that is felt as a result of disease, subjective

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12
Q

sign

A

change in body that can be measured as a result of disease
ex- fever

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13
Q

syndroms

A

specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany disease

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14
Q

dose (n)

A

number of microbes one encounters

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15
Q

resistance (r)

A

host immunity

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16
Q

severity of infection equation (D)

A

nv/r

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17
Q

infective dose (ID)

A

minimal number of microbes necessary for infection

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18
Q

virulence effect on infective dose

A

more virulent= lower ID

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19
Q

lethal dose 50

A

number of microbes needed to kill 50% of organisms infected with it

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20
Q

pathogenicity

A

ability to cause disease

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21
Q

virulence

A

measure of pathogenicity

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22
Q

defensive strat

A

allow microbes to escape destruction
adhesins, capsules, antigenic variation, etc

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23
Q

offensive ermmmmm

A

antibiotics?

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24
Q

adherence

A

allows to stick

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25
Q

capsules (what it made of)

A

Glycocalyx around the cell wall
* Impair phagocytosi

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26
Q

adhesins

A

allows pathogen to stick to receptors in host
ex glycocalyx, fimbriae

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27
Q

biofilms

A

communities that share communities

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28
Q

antigenic variation

A

pathogens alter their surface antigen to overcome antibodies

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29
Q

m protein

A

resist phagocytosis
in strep pyogenes

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30
Q

opa

A

protien that allows attachment to host cells
in n gonorrhoeae

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31
Q

waxy lipid/ mycolic

A

resist digestion
in tuberculosis

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32
Q

coagulases

A

coagulate fibrinogen- make blood clots

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33
Q

kinases

A

digest fibrin clots

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34
Q

hyaluronidase

A

digest polysaccharides that hold cells together

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35
Q

collagenase

A

break down collagen

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36
Q

iga proteases

A

destroy iga antibodies

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37
Q

predisposing factors

A

make body more susceptible to disease

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38
Q

microbial disease steps

A

incubation, prodromal, illness, decline convalesence

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39
Q

local infection

A

pathogens limited to small area
ex boil, abscess, pimple

40
Q

systemic infection

A

An infection throughout the
body
– measlesis

41
Q

bacteremia

A

bacteria in vlood

42
Q

septicemia

A

growth of bacteria in the blood

43
Q

primary infection

A

acute infection that causes ilnital illness

44
Q

secondary infection

A

opportunistic infection after primary

45
Q

endemic

A

refry found at steady level in location

46
Q

sporadic

A

occasionally happen, unpredicable

47
Q

epidemic

A

sudden incerese in morbidity and mortality above norm

48
Q

pandemic

A

across continents

49
Q

communicable diseases

A

that can spread

50
Q

contagious disease

A

easily spread

51
Q

incidence

A

number of new cases in a defined period of time

52
Q

prevalence

A

number of people in a pop having a specific disease at a given time

53
Q

herd imunity

A

indirect protection bc pop is mostly immune

54
Q

ro

A

number of cases one case can generate over course of of infection

55
Q

r0 accounts for

A

transit, FINISH

56
Q

if R0 is over 1

A

epidemic

57
Q

iff R0 is qual to 1

A

endemic

58
Q

If R0 is less than 1

A

epidemic will disappear

59
Q

aspects of microbial disease

A

pathogen, fuck

60
Q

reservoir

A

where you will find pathogen

61
Q

example of reservoirs

A

humans (all conditions), annuals, nonliving

62
Q

cycle of microbial disease

A

pathogen
reservoir
transmission
portal of entry
portal of exit

63
Q

zoonoses

A

disease in animals

64
Q

transmission

A

mechanism the shit is spread from reservoir to person

65
Q

portals of entry

A

mucous membrane
skin
parenteral route (dropped right into tissue when barrier are penetrated)

66
Q

portals of exit

A

respiratory tract
gastrointestinal tract
genitourinary tract

67
Q

immune system

A

recognize and destroy foreign antigen

68
Q

2 major componentsof immune system

A

nonspecific/innate
specific/adaptive

69
Q

immune status

A

varies
determines outcome of infection

70
Q

immune repsonce problems

A

allergies, autoimmune disease, transplant

71
Q

primary immune structures

A

bone marrow, thymus

72
Q

blood cells are made in

A

bone marrow

73
Q

white blood cells

A

leukocytes

74
Q

granulocytes

A

part of innate response

75
Q

neutrophils

A

key phagocytic cells

76
Q

arganulocytes

A

both adaptive and response

77
Q

monocytes

A

key phagocytic cells, innate response

78
Q

lymphocytes

A

crucial cells of adaptive response

79
Q

t lymphocytes

A

T- helper (TH), cells, cytotoxic (Tc) cells

80
Q

b lymphocytes

A

– B lymphocytes, producers of antibodies

81
Q

secondary immune structure

A

spleen, tonsils, adenoids, lymph nodes, Peters patch

82
Q

innate defenses

A

block microbes from entry, helps eliminate those that have entered

83
Q

innate differs

A

present since birth (not a result of infection), against type of microbe, not specifics

84
Q

specific immunity includes

A

lymphocytes, antigens, humoral immunity, cell mediate immunity

85
Q

humoral immunity

A

production of antibodies (specific!!) from b lymp, aided by helper T cells

86
Q

activated lymphocytes become

A

plasma cells

87
Q

memory B cells

A

stay inside organism and give life long immunity

88
Q

active immunization

A

gaining immunity from recovering forma disease

89
Q

artificial imunity

A

from vaccine

90
Q

immune serum/ immunoglobulin

A

preformed antibodies from human or animal source-
short lived, for immediate protection

91
Q

serum sickness

A

immune reaction against antibodies that are put in

92
Q

Microbial Ecology

A

Study of interactions between organisms and
their environment

93
Q

Goal of Ecology:

A

Determine which organisms are living in a particular environment (who) and what are they doing there?

94
Q

offensive Strats

A

Enzymes: coagulases, kinases,
hyaluronidase, collagenase, IgA proteases
– Exotoxins
– Endotoxin

95
Q

toxemia

A

Toxins in the blood

96
Q

antigen

A

forgiven substance that enters your body

microbio (21 decks)

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