ch 11 Flashcards
why is coordination needed
constantly chaining conditions
regulation for good energy use!!!!
biosynthesis coronation evidence
radiolabeled glycerol, coordination of fueling
richness of medium effects
growth rate, richer = faster
modes of regulation (for macromolecule making?)
- changing enzyme activity
- changing about of enzyme
- changing amount of substrate
enzyme control by
substrate amount, couple transcription and translation, mRNA are short lived. operons
control enzyme activity with what modifacations
less common
covalent modification
allostery- sRNA interaction w protien
covalent mod
not as common
important in chemotaxis
ex phosphorylation, adenylation, methylation
chemotaxis
move to or away from chemical
allostery
smthing binds to active site to alter it
feedback inhibition
if too much product is made, it will block the first steps to prevent more from being made
allosteric
sRNA can - a reaction
inhibit, modify, activate, tether
allosteric examples
feedback inhibition (biosyn), regulating RNA, inhibition or activation dependent allosteric effects (feuling)
reg mech of protein synthesis
1) DNA topology
2) promotor rec
3) trancrip repression
4) transcription activation
5) transcription enhancement
6) attenuation
7)sRNA
8) mRNA stability
9) translation control
10) proteolysis
DNA topology
supercoiling/ packaging prevent sigma from binding
transcription repression involve
regulatory proteins/ DNA control regions
promoter recognition
alternate sigma factor expressed under certain conditions (for recognizing the promotor)
operon
histrionic genes that are trans together
lac operon consist of
prokaryotic
promoter, genes, transcription terminator, operator, reg genes
enhancers
long distance control DNA sequence, bending of DNA,
enhancer binding proteins
activators
positive regulator protein to increase trxn
repressor
negative protien
what has lac taught us
1) transcription initiation from promoter of operon regulation
2) trancrip initiation can be allosterically controlled
3) increased expression can be use to relief of negative control (off unless on)
attenuation (me thinks)
stopping of transcription bc translation can occur
sRNA
regulatory RNA, allosteric
blocks promoter DNA, form termination loop on mRNA to degrade
mRNA stability
shit is unstable
lifespan
sRNA, to regulate
translational control
too much protein, Binding to mRNA – sRNA, metabolites, or r-
proteins
proteolysis
degrading protiens after translation
usually for regulatory proteins
regulated process
regulons
multi operons simultaneously regulated by this
modulons
group of regulons (hella operons)
modulon examples
catabolite repression system
stringent response system
catabolite repression
glucose used first
when gone, increases of cAMP production os it can bind to CAP
stringent responce system
respons eto starvation
Fueling inhibition or activation is dependent
on allosteric effectors
