Chapter 3: Bonding and Chemical Interactions Flashcards
What are the octet rule exceptions
1) H, He, Li, Be, B are more stable with fewer than 8
2) elements in period 3 or greater more stable with more than 8 electrons
3) compounds with an odd number of electrons cannot have 8 electrons on each element
what are the two types of chemical bonds
covalent and ionic
what is an ionic bond
formed via the transfer of one or more electrons from an element of low ionization energy to one with high electron affinity
when do ionic bonds occur
between elements with large differences in electronegativity (metal and nonmetal)
what is the structure of ionic compounds
crystalline lattices
what are the properties of ionic bonds
dissociate in water and polar solvents + high melting points
what is a covalent bond
formed via the sharing of electrons between two elements of similar electronegativities
What is bond order
refers to single, double, and triple bonds
What happens when bond order increases
bond strength –> increases
bond energy –> increases
bond length –> decreases
what is a non polar covalent bond
small difference in or same electro negativities
what is a polar covalent bond
significant difference in electronegativities but not enough for an ionic bond
what is a coordinate covalent bond
single atom provides both bonding electrons while the other atom does not contribute any
why do non bonding electrons have more repulsion in VSPER theory
they reside closer to the nucleus
electronic vs molecular geometry
electronic –> position of all electrons whether bonding or non bonding
molecular –> position of only bonding pairs
what is a sigma bond
single bond; head to head overlap; flexible
