Chapter 3: Bioenergetics

Question 1

breakdown of large molecules to smaller

Answer 1

catabolic

Question 2

building of large molecules from smaller

Answer 2

anabolic

Question 3

anabolism and catabolism are two branches of

Answer 3

metabolism

Question 4

three types of energy systems

Answer 4

physphogen
glycolysis
oxidatvie

Question 5

only this macro can be metabolized for energy without the direct involvment of oxygen

Answer 5

carb

Question 6

generally these MF type contain greater concentrations of phospoagens

Answer 6

fast twitch

Question 7

this primarily regulates the breakdown of creatine phosphate

Answer 7

creatine kinase

Question 8

this promotes creatine kiinase activity, and this decreases creatine kinase activity

Answer 8

ADP

ATP

Question 9

the breakdown of carbs, either from glycogen or glucose in the blood to produce ATP

Answer 9

glycolysis

Question 10

Time frame for glycolysis

Answer 10

high-intensity muscle activity that lasts up to about 2 min

Question 11

glycolysis occurs here

Answer 11

cytosol

Question 12

fast glycolysis

Answer 12

anaerobic glycolysis, production of lactate as end product

Question 13

slow glycolysis

Answer 13

aerobic glycolysis, production of pyruvate as end product

Question 14

energy from fast glycolysis

Answer 14

2 ATP

Question 15

energy from slow glycolysis

Answer 15

2 pyruvate
2 ATP
2 NADH

Question 16

rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis

Answer 16

PFK

Question 17

lactate is used as this2

Answer 17

energy source for type 1 and cardiac muscle

gluconeogenesis

Question 18

process of lactate being transported in the blood to the liver where it is converted to glucose

Answer 18

cori cycle

Question 19

peak blood lactate concentration occurs at this time

Answer 19

approximately 5 minutes after cessation of exercise

Question 20

this can increase blood lactate clearance rates

Answer 20

being trained

light activity post exercise

Question 21

exercise intensity or relative intensity at which blood lactate begins an abrupt increase above the baseline concentration

Answer 21

lactate threshold

Question 22

this represents an increaseing reliance on anaerobic mechanisms

Answer 22

LT

Question 23

LT in trained vs untrained individuals

Answer 23

70-80% vo2

50-60% vo2

Question 24

this generally occurs when the concentration of blood lactate is near 4mmol/L, and is the second inflection point on the blood lactate curve

Answer 24

onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA)

Question 25

this can raise the point at which the LT and OBLA occur

Answer 25

training at or near the LT and OBLA, due to increased mitochondrial density

Question 26

primary source of ATP at rest and during aerobic activites

Answer 26

oxidative system (aerobic)

Question 27

this macro is normally not metabolized significantly except during long-term starvation and bouts of exercise lasting longer than this

Answer 27

protein | >90 minutes

Question 28

At rest this percent of energy is derived from fats, and this percent from carbs

Answer 28

70 | 30

Question 29

T/F: after a long duration at Steady state exercise, energy use reverts from primarily carbs to fat and protein

Answer 29

true

Question 30

Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-coa generates this much energy

Answer 30

2 NADH

Question 31

Conversion of Acetyl-coa in the Krebs cycle generates this much energy

Answer 31

2 ATP 6 NADH 2 FADH

Question 32

NADH produces this much ATP from ETC, and FADH produces this much ATP

Answer 32

3 | 2

Question 33

Net ATP from one molecule of glucose through glycolysis and the krebs cycle

Answer 33

38 ATP

Question 34

Triglycerides are broken down by this

Answer 34

hormone sensitive lipase

Question 35

t/f: hormone sensitive lipase releases FFA from fat cells to the blood

Answer 35

T

Question 36

FFA undergo this process inside the mitochondria

Answer 36

beta oxidation

Question 37

ATP from 1 molecule of glycerol

Answer 37

22

Question 38

major amino acids broken down for energy

Answer 38

BCAA

Question 39

rate limiting step of krebs cycle

Answer 39

isocitrate dehydrogenase

Question 40

ICDH is inhibitied, and stimulated by

Answer 40

ATP | ADP

Question 41

T/F: the extent to which each energy system is utilized depends primarily on the duration of the activity, and secondly on its intensity

Answer 41

F, Intensity then duration

Question 42

the amount of physical work perfromed for a particular duration

Answer 42

power

Question 43

level of muscular activity that can be quantified in terms of power output

Answer 43

intensity

Question 44

duration of phosphagen system, very intense

Question 45

duration of fast glycolysis, intense

Answer 45

6 to 30 sec

Question 46

duration of fast glycolysis, heavy intensity

Answer 46

30 s - 2 min

Question 47

duration of oxidative system, moderate intensity

Answer 47

2-3 min

Question 48

duration of oxidative system, light intensity

Answer 48

>3 min

Question 49

creatine phosphate can decrease by 50-70% during the first 5-30- seconds of exercise, and can almost be eliminated by longer duration, maximal intensity exercise

Answer 49

T

Question 50

Muscle ATp concentrations do not decrease by more than this from initial values

Answer 50

60%

Question 51

activites that shorten the muscle require more energy than those with isometric contractions

Answer 51

t

Question 52

complete resyntheis of atp after exercise occurs in this time frame

Answer 52

3-5 min

Question 53

complete resynthesis of CP after exercise occurs in this time frame

Answer 53

8 min

Question 54

repletion of phosphagens occurs largely as a result of this

Answer 54

aerobic metabolism

Question 55

This amount of glycogen is stored in the muscle (total) and this much in the liver

Answer 55

300-400g | 70-100g

Question 56

Muscle glycogen is more important for these types of exercise

Answer 56

moderate, to high intensity

Question 57

liver glycogen is more important for these types of exercise

Answer 57

low intensity

Question 58

this increases the rate of glycogenolysis

Answer 58

intensity

Question 59

this can become a limiting factor to exercise with there is a larger amount of total work completed

Answer 59

glycogen

Question 60

glycogen repletion is maximal if this amount of carbs is ingested post exercise

Answer 60

0.7-3.0 g/kg every 2 hours following exercise (for 24 hours)

Question 61

T/F: highly eccentric exercise may require a longer time to replenish glycogen

Answer 61

T

Question 62

the anaerobic contribution to the total energy cost of exercise

Answer 62

oxygen deficit

Question 63

increased postexercise oxygen uptake is called

Answer 63

excess postexercise oxygen consumptioon (EPOC)

Question 64

The oxygen uptake above resting values used to resotre the body to the preexercise condition

Answer 64

EPOC

Question 65

Train the client for this

Answer 65

specificity of the energy system utilized for the desired activity