Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biol 2002 1st Quiz > Chapter 3 Bio And 22.1 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Bio And 22.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Macromolecule

A

Lipids and large complex compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

C-H BOND

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Functional group

A

Groups of atoms with characteristic chemical structures and properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Amino group

A

NH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Carbonyl group

A

CO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Carbonyl group

A

COOH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hydroxyl

A

OH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Methyl

A

CH3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Isomer

A

Identical chemical formula but different structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Structural isomer

A

Contains the same atoms but in different bonding relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Stereoisomers

A

Have identical bonding relationships but spatial positioning of their atoms differ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cis stereoisomer

A

The two of whatever bond are on the same side of carbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Trans stereoisomer

A

When the two hydrogens are on opposite sides of the C-C Bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Monomer

A

Small molecules that are the building blocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Polymers

A

A linkage of many monomers, a larger chain of molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Condensation reaction

A

Produces a large organic molecule plus a water molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Dehydration reaction

A

Removes water from monomer and adds it to growing polymer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sugars are commonly….

A

Broken down and used for energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Monosaccharide

A

Single sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Glycosidic bond

A

Involves removal of hydroxyl group from one monosaccharide and hydrogen atom from other TO link two sugar molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

d vs l glucose

A

The two types of glucose are mirror images of each other (enantiomers)
D glucose is commonly found in living cells
L glucose is rarely found in living cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Glycogen vs starch:

A

Starch is polysaccharide found in plant cells and glycogen is animal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cellulose vs. chitin

A

Cellulose is a major constituent of plant cell walls

Chitin is tough polysaccharide that forms external skeleton of insects and crustaceans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Glycosaminoglycans
Large polysaccharides the play structural role in animals (cartilage, etc).
26
4 macromolecules of life
Carbohydrate, nucleic acid, protein, lipid
27
Lipids
Hydrophobic molecules composed mainly of carbon and hydrogen
28
Triglycerides
Formed by bonding glycerol to 3 fatty acids
29
Ester bond
Molecule of water is removed from hydroxyl group in glycerol and then that links to carboxyl group of fatty acid
30
Lipids are...
Key part of cell membranes and also function as hormones and energy storage
31
Fatty acid
Chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms with carboxyl group at one end
32
Phospholipids
Similar structure to triglycerides but third hydroxyl group of glycerol is linked to phosphate group instead of fatty acid
33
Amphipathic
Having polar and non polar regions
34
Phospholipid bilayer
- important for cell membrane structure - have polar heads that consist of phospholipid and face the watery environment and non polar regions associate with each other on the interior portion and this is the long chain with the fatty acids
35
Steroids
Four fused rings of carbon atoms | -type OF lipid
36
Waxes
Type of lipid that is secreted onto surface and provide a barrier to water loss and very non-polar
37
Hydrophobic
Afraid of water so non polar
38
Hydrophilic
Loving water, very polar
39
Proteins
Play critical role in all life processes and composed of carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen -long chain of polypeptides fhat folds is a protein
40
Amino acid
- differ in their R group (their side chain) | - carbon is linked to amino group, carboxyl group and also has a side chain
41
Peptide bond
Links carboxyl group of one amino acid to amino group of another
42
Alpha carbon
central carbon in an amino acid
43
Polypeptide
When multiple amino acids are joined by peptide bonds
44
Protein
Functional unit composed of one or more polypeptides that have been folded and twisted into a precise 3D shape
45
Primary structure of a protein
The amino acid sequence
46
Secondary structure
The repeating folding pattern of the protein
47
Tertiary structure
When the polypeptide folds and refolds upon itself to make a 3D shape (Interactions between amino side chains)
48
Quaternary structure
When proteins consist of more than one polypeptide they have a quaternary structure
49
Alpha helix
Polypeptide backbone forms a repeating helical structure that is stabilized by hydrogen bonds
50
Beta pleated sheet
Regions of polypeptide backbone lie parallel to each other and the bonds formed make a zigzag or pleated shape
51
Hydrogen bonds
Bonds form between atoms in the polypeptide backbone and between acids in different side chains
52
Ionic bond
Bonds form between oppositely charged side chains
53
Hydrophobic effecti
Nonpolar amino acids in center of protein avoid contact with water
54
Disulfide bridge
Covalent bond forms between cysteine side chains
55
Van der waals forces
Attractive forces that occur between atoms that are optimal distances apart
56
Domain
Portions within proteins with distinct structures and functions (usually certain binding regions)
57
Ligand
A molecule that binds to another usually larger molecule
58
Nucleotide
The monomers of nucleic acids
59
Nucleic acids
Responsible for storage, expression, and transmission of genetic info
60
Nucleoside
Compound commonly found in DNA or RNA consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base linked to a sugar
61
Nucleotide
Contains a phosphate group, pentose sugar, and a single or double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms known as a base
62
Purine bases
Are adenine and guanine and are double ring
63
Pyrimidine
Are cytosine and thymine and are single ring
64
DNA backbone
Phosphates and sugar molecules make up backbone
65
Purines bond to pyrimidine
A-T AND G-C
66
Sugars in DNA vs RNA
In RNA the sugar is ribose and in DNA the sugar is deoxyribose
67
What base replaces T in RNA?
U-uracil
68
Ribonuclease
Enzyme that speeds up the breaking down of RNA into smaller components
69
Antiparallel structure
Refers to the fact that DNA two strands run in opposite directions so if one is going 5' to 3' direction then the other will go the opposite way
70
Phosphodiester bond
Make up the backbone of DNA
71
What are saturated fats at room | Temp?
Solids
72
Saturated fats...
Just have single bonds
73
What are DNA and RNA functions?
RNA molecules are involved in deciding information in DNA into instructions for linking amino acids in a specific sequence to form a polypeptide

Biol 2002 1st Quiz (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions