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Biol 2002 1st Quiz > Chapter 23 Deck > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Deck Flashcards

1
Q

Evolution

A

Heritable change in one or more characteristics of a population from one generation to the next

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2
Q

Species

A

Group of related organisms that share a distinctive form

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3
Q

Population

A

All members of a species that live in same area at same time and have the opportunity to interbreed

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4
Q

Molecular evolution

A

Refers to process of evolution at the level of genes and proteins

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5
Q

Inheritance of acquired charActeristics

A

Behavioral changes could modify traits and then the modified traits were inherited by offspring

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6
Q

Lamarck

A

Had inheritance of acquired characteristics idea and said that species change over the course of many generations by adaptating to new environments

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7
Q

Darwin

A

Played central role in developing the theory that existing species have evolved from pre-existing ones

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8
Q

Adaptation

A

Change or process of change when organism or species becomes better suited to environment

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9
Q

Alfred Wallace

A

Wallace proposed similar ideas concerning evolution so he worked closely with Darwin

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10
Q

Darwins theory

A

“Descent with modification through variation and natural selection evolution”

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11
Q

Variation in traits

A

Variation in traits may occur among individuals or given species and the heritable traits are then passed down from parents to offspring

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12
Q

How does variation in traits happen?

A

Due to genetic changes like random mutations in genes

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13
Q

Natural selection

A

Individuals w/ heritable traits that make them better suited to their native environment tend to flourish and reproduce while others are less likely to survive

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14
Q

Fossils

A

Provide evidence of evolutionary change in a series of related organisms. The fossil
Record often reveals transitional forms that link
Past ancestors to modern species

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15
Q

Biogeography

A

Provides information on the geographic distribution of related species. When species are isolated they often evolve into new species

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16
Q

Selective breeding

A

Selecting and breeding of organisms having desired traits in a human driven form of selection

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17
Q

Convergent evolution

A

Independent adaptations result in similar characteristics called analogous structures because different species occupy similar environments

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18
Q

Homologies

A

Similarities that occur due to descent from a common ancestor

19
Q

Vestigial structures

A

Structures that were functional in an ancestor but no longer have a useful function in modern species

20
Q

Orthologs

A

Homologous genes in different species that have accumulated mutations over time

21
Q

Paralogs

A

Homologous genes in the same species that are produced by gene duplication events

22
Q

Horizontal gene transfer

A

Genetic material is transferred from one organism to another that are not its offspring

23
Q

Lamarck believed that….

A

Living things evolved in an upward direction and that behavioral changes modified heritable traits

24
Q

WHAT scientist influenced darwins views on nature of population growth?

A

Malthus

25
Q

Adaptation

A

Evolutionary change in which a population of organisms changed its characteristics over many generations in ways that make it better suited to its environment

26
Q

Natural selection

A

Process that eliminates those individuals that are less likely to survive and reproduce in a particular encironment and allows other individuals with traits that have higher reproductive success to increase

27
Q

Adaptive radiation

A

Process where a single ancestral species evolves into a wide array of descendent species that differ greatly in their habitat, form, or behavior

28
Q

Analogous structures

A

Structure that is result of convergent evolution. these structures have arisen independently two or more times Bc species have occupied similar types of environments on earth

29
Q

Evolutionary fitness

A

The ability to survive and reproduce

30
Q

Cambrian explosion

A

An event that occurred in which there was an abrupt increase in the diversity of animal species

31
Q

Mass extinction

A

When many species become extinct at same time

32
Q

Mutation

A

Heritable change in genetic material of an organism

33
Q

Reproductive success

A

The likelihood of contributing fertile offspring to the next generation

34
Q

RNA world

A

Hypothetical period on primitive earth when both the information needed for life and the enzymatic activity of living cells were contained solely in RNA molecules

35
Q

Trait

A

An identifiable characteristic; usually refers to a variant

36
Q

Transitional form

A

An organism that provides a link between earlier and later forms of evolution

37
Q

Two main components of darwins ideas on evolution

A

Variation and natural selection

38
Q

Sexual selection.

A

Members of one Sex choose mates of the other Sex to mate with and compete with members of same sex to get members of the opposite sex

39
Q

Example of homologous structure

A

Same set of bones found in human arm, turtle arm, bat wing

The forearm

40
Q

Examples of vestigial structures

A

The bony tail in embryo and muscles to wiggle ears

41
Q

Difference between species and population

A

Species is defined as group of organisms with distinctive form but population is all organisms that belong to same species and live in Same geographical area and can interbreed

42
Q

Homologous structures

A

Body parts that are alike because the species in question share a common ancestor. These structures may serve the same or different functions

43
Q

Analogous structures

A

Structures of different species having similar or corresponding function but not from the same evolutionary origin. Like wings for flying in insects and birds

44
Q

Amino-acyl tRNA synthetase

A

The enzyme that covalently attaches the amino acid to the particular tRNA that carries it to the ribosome

Biol 2002 1st Quiz (13 decks)

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