Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geology 111 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What would happen if the internal heat engine stopped working and the external heat engine kept working?

A

The earth would be slowly leveled and it would read equilibrium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the rock cycle?

A

An igneous rock erodes and turns into sediment then through the process of lithification it is glued together into sedimentary rock. That Sedimentary rock is eventually buried deep inside of the earth and because of heat and pressure it is turned into a Metamorphic rock through metamorphism. It is then melted again and turned into magma and when that magma cools Igneous rock is formed and it starts all over.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an intrusive igneous rock?

A

Rocks that were created under the surface of the earth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How are plate tectonics related to the rock cycle?

A

At plate boundaries their is a lot of heat and pressure and magma is often formed melting the metamorphic rock creating magma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How large are the grains in intrusive rocks?

A

Large because they had lots of time to grow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How large are the grains in extrusive rocks?

A

Small because they were often given little to no time to form.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a contact?

A

A surface that separates different rock types.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Country Rock

A

Any rock that was older than and intruded by an igneous body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Xenoliths

A

Fragments of rock distinct from the igneous rock in which it is enclosed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are igneous rocks named?

A

Based on their texture and chemical composition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Texture

A

A rocks appearance with respect to the size, shape, and arrangement of its grains or other constituents.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Crystalline Rocks

A

Made up of interlocking crystals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Glassy Rocks

A

Composed primarily of glass and contain few if any crystals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fragmental Rocks

A

composed of fragments of igneous material.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Aphanitic

A

Usually extrusive rocks with crystals that are to small to see easily with the naked eye.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Phaneritic

A

Texture in which the crystals making up an igneous rock are distinguishable without using a microscope.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pegmatite

A

Extremely coarse grained igneous rock.

18
Q

Phenocrysts

A

Any of the large crystals in porphyritic igneous rock.

19
Q

Porphyritic Texture

A

An igneous rock in which large crystals are enclosed in a matrix of much finer-grained minerals or obsidian.

20
Q

Vesicles

A

A cavity in volcanic rock caused by gas in lava.

21
Q

Scoria

A

A highly vesicular basalt, actually contains more gas space than rock.

22
Q

Pumice

A

A rock that is created by extremely frothy lava.

23
Q

Pyroclasts

A

Fragment of rock formed by volcanic explosion.

24
Q

Tuff

A

A rock formed from fine grained pyroclastic particles.

25
Q

What are the 4 types of silica igneous rocks?

A

Felsic, Intermediate, Mafic, and Ultramafic.

26
Q

what are the characteristics of diorite?

A

Course-grained igneous rock of intermediate composition. Up to half of the rock is plagioclase feldspar and the rest is ferromagnesian minerals.

27
Q

What kind is a rock that mafic magma forms?

A

Gabbro

28
Q

What is an example of an ultramafic rock?

A

Komatiite peridotite

29
Q

Geothermal Gradient

A

The rate at which temperature increases with increasing depth.

30
Q

What is solidus

A

The temperature at which rock melts.

31
Q

What is decompression Melting?

A

When a rock moves closer to the crust and begins to melt because of a decrease in pressure.

32
Q

Flux Melting

A

When a rocks melting temperature is reduced because of water.

33
Q

What is Bowen’s reaction Series

A

Melting powdered rock, cooling the melt to a given temperature, and then observing the mineral present in the cooled rock.

34
Q

discontinuous Branch

A

The left hand side of the diagram describes the formation of the ferromagnesian minerals olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite.

35
Q

differentiation

A

Separation of different ingredients from an originally homogeneous mixture.

36
Q

Intrusive structure

A

A body of intrusive rock classified on the basis of size, shape, and relationship to surrounding rocks.

37
Q

Volcanic neck

A

An intrusive structure that apparently represents magma that solidified within the throat of a volcano

38
Q

Discordant

A

The body is not parallel to any latering in the country rock.

39
Q

What is a Sill?

A

A tabular intrusive structure concordant with the country rock. In similar words its parallel with the surrounding rocks.

40
Q

Pluton

A

A body of magma or igneous rock that crystalizes at considerable depth.

41
Q

diapirs

A

Blobs of magma.

42
Q

What is the most common igneous rock?

A

Granite

Geology 111 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions