Chapter 1

Question 1

Definition: Physical Geology

Answer 1

Geology concerned with Earth materials.

Question 2

Definition: System

Answer 2

an isolated portion of the universe that can be analyzed

Question 3

Earth System

Answer 3

The study of earth by analyzing how its components or subsystems, interrelate.

Question 4

Solid Earth

Answer 4

or the geosphere is the rock and other inorganic material on the earth

Question 5

Heat Engine

Answer 5

A device that converts heat energy into mechanical energy

Question 6

Earths internal heat engine

Answer 6

Hot rock moves from the core to the surface

Question 7

Earths external heat engine

Answer 7

this is driven by solar energy. It typically refers to the moving of the air and water

Question 8

Lithosphere

Answer 8

The rigid outer shell of Earth, 70 to 125 or more kilometers thick

Question 9

Asthenosphere

Answer 9

The layer just inter the lithosphere. It acts like a lubricating layer for the lithosphere

Question 10

Tectonic Forces

Answer 10

Forces that are generated from within the earth that result in uplift, movement, or deformation of part of earths crust.

Question 11

Theory

Answer 11

A well tested hypothesis that is widely accepted

Question 12

Hypothesis

Answer 12

A tentative answer to a question or solution to a problem.

Question 13

Plate tectonics

Answer 13

Regards the lithosphere as broken into plates that are in motion.

Question 14

Divergent Boundary

Answer 14

When two plates are moving away from each other.

Question 15

Mid-oceanic ridges

Answer 15

Most of the time they are formed by divergent plate boundaries.

Question 16

Igneous Rock

Answer 16

Rock that forms when magma solidifies.

Question 17

Convergent Boundary

Answer 17

When two plates move towards each other. Usually this will only happen at ocean to continent plate boundaries. The oceanic plate is more dense and will be subducted by the continental plate.

Question 18

Subduction Zone

Answer 18

Where one plate goes underneath another plate.

Question 19

metamorphic rock

Answer 19

rock that is changed by heat and pressure.

Question 20

How are Volcanic island arcs created?

Answer 20

When an two oceanic tectonic plate converge and the more dense plate is subducted and volcanoes form. some examples are alaska and the islands that make up Japan.

Question 21

what happens at a continent-Continent Convergence?

Answer 21

Neither plate subducts and large mountains form. for example the Himalayan belt were mt everest is found.

Question 22

What happens at a Transform Boundary?

Answer 22

The plates slide horizontally past each other, rather than toward or away. An example is the San Andreas Fault. The land will usually split and miss align.

Question 23

Isostatic Adjustment

Answer 23

Vertical movement of sections of Earth’s crust to achieve balance.

Question 24

what can deep time be compared to?

Answer 24

A trip across the united states at the speed of 1 kilometer per 1 million years.

Question 25

what was the noteworthy life during the Cenozoic period.

Answer 25

Hominids
Mammals
Extinction of dinosaurs

Question 26

What was the noteworthy life during the Mesozoic period.

Answer 26

First Dinosaurs

Question 27

What was the noteworthy life during the Paleozoic period.

Answer 27

First Reptiles
fishes became abundant
First abundant fossils

Question 28

what are the 4 time periods for life on earth in order?

Answer 28

Cenozoic
Mesozoic
Paleozoic
Precambrian