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Geology 111 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three ways a stream causes erosion?

A
  1. Hydraulic action
  2. Solution
  3. Abrasion
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2
Q

What is Abrasion erosion?

A

The grinding sway of rocks by friction and impact during transportation.

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3
Q

What are potholes

A

Places were water swirled that contained sand and pebbles and caused holes to be worn down into the rock. Similar to the giant hole along leprechaun canyon.

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4
Q

What is a bar?

A

A sandbar kind of like what’s on the green river.

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5
Q

What is a braided stream

A

A stream where it has to go through the sand like veins.

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6
Q

What is a meander cut off or an oxbow lake.

A

When a meandering stream cuts itself of and forms a side lake of sorts. It usually looks like a horseshoe

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7
Q

What are natural levees?

A

The bank that is built up on either side of the bank of a stream.

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8
Q

What are distributaries?

A

Small shifting channels that carry water away from the main river. Aka the delta zone were their are meandering streams.

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9
Q

What is Hydraulic Action?

A

The ability of flowing water to pick up and move rock and sediment.

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10
Q

What are placer deposits?

A

Were running water has mechanically concentrated heavy sediment.

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11
Q

What is an Alluvial fan?

A

A large pile of sediment that is deposited from a narrow winding stream as it exits the canyon.

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12
Q

What are the factors involved in the Hydrologic cycle aka the water cycle.

A
  1. Evaporation
  2. Transpiration
  3. condensation
  4. precipitation
  5. Infiltration
  6. Runoff
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13
Q

What is evaporation?

A

water evaporating into water vapor.

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14
Q

What is Transpiration?

A

The loss of water to the atmosphere by plants, providing water vapor to the atmosphere.

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15
Q

What is Condensation?

A

Water vapor to to droplets and clouds in the atmosphere

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16
Q

Precipitation

A

Rain

17
Q

Infiltration

A

Precipitation that soaks into the soil, becoming ground water

18
Q

Runoff

A

Precipitation that flows across the land surface in stream channels or as sheetwash.

19
Q

what are the three ways sediment can be transported?

A
  1. Suspended load
  2. Dissolved load
  3. Bed load
20
Q

What is downcutting?

A

A valley-deepening process caused by erosion of a streambed.

21
Q

What is base level

A

The thoretical limit for erosion of the the earth’s surface.

22
Q

What is a graded Stream?

A

A stream that has smoothed its se3lf out and now has a delicate balance between its transporting capacity and the sediment load available to it.

23
Q

What is lateral erosion?

A

Erosion and undercutting of stream banks caused by a stream swinging from side to side across its valley floor.

24
Q

headward erosion

A

The lengthening of a valley in an uphill direction avoe its original source by gullyin, mass wasting, and sheet erosion.

25
Q

Stream terraces

A

Steps on the side of a valley showing where the flood plane used to be.

26
Q

What are incised meanders

A

meanders that retain their pattern as they cut vertically downward below the level at which they formed.

27
Q

What is the recurrence interval

A

How frequently a river floods.

28
Q

What are the most common sediment deposits in a flood?

A

Silt and Clay

29
Q

What is a Drainage Pattern?

A

The arrangement in map view of a river and its tributaries.

30
Q

What are the 4 drainage patterns?

A

1 Dendritic - resembles the branches of a tree or veins in a leif.

  1. Radial - A drainage pattern in which streams diverge outward like spokes of a wheel.
  2. Rectangular - A drainage pattern in which tributaries of a river change direction and join one another at right angles.
  3. Trellis - A drainage pattern consisting of parallel main streams with short tributaries meeting them at right angles. usually in valleys.
31
Q

Where do Dendritic patterns form?

A

Forms on uniformly erodible rock

32
Q

Where do Radial patterns form?

A

Hich conical mountains

33
Q

Where do Rectangular patterns form?

A

Forms on regularly fractured rock.

34
Q

Were do Trellis patterns form?

A

On alternating tilted layers of resistant and nonresistant rock.

Geology 111 (22 decks)

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