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Geology 111 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Mineralogy

A

The study of Minerals

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2
Q

Mineral

A

A naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solid that has a specific chemical composition.

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3
Q

Rocks

A

Naturally formed aggregates of mineral or mineral-like substances.

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4
Q

Atom

A

The smallest Electrically neutral assemblies of energy and matter that we know exist in the universe.

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5
Q

Element

A

A specific type of atom.

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6
Q

Atomic Number

A

The total number of protons in an atom.

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7
Q

The Atomic Mass number

A

The total number of neutrons and protons in an atom.

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8
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons but the same number of protons.

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9
Q

Atomic Weight

A

The average weight of an atom.

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10
Q

Ion

A

An atom that has a surplus or deficit of electrons relative to the number protons. Giving it a positive electrical charge.

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11
Q

Cation

A

a positively charged ion that has fewer electrons than protons.

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12
Q

Anion

A

A negatively charged particle that has more electrons than protons.

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13
Q

Ionic Bonding

A

Atoms that have different charges are attracted to one another form these bonds.

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14
Q

covalent Bonding

A

Bonding with adjacent atoms were electrons are shared.

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15
Q

What are Polymorphs

A

Minerals with different crystal structure, but with identical chemical composition.

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16
Q

Metallic Bonding

A

Atoms are closely packed and the electrons move freely throughout the crystal so as to hold the atoms together.

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17
Q

Silica

A

Oxygen combined with silicon.

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18
Q

Silicates

A

Substances that contain silica.

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19
Q

Silicon-oxygentetrahedron

A

The basic building block of a crystal.

20
Q

Isolated Silicate Structure

A

Silicate minerals that are structured so that none of the oxygen atoms are shared by tetrahedra.

21
Q

chain silicate structre

A

When two oxygen atoms are shared with adjacent tetrahedra to form a chain.

22
Q

Sheet Silicate Structure

A

Three oxygen atoms are shared to form a sheet and those sheets are held together by positive ions.

23
Q

Framework Silicate STructure

A

Three oxygen ions are shared by adjacent tetrahedra. Quartz and feldspar are examples.

24
Q

Compositional Zoning

A

Minerals that are dominated by different types of cation giving it the tree ring shape.

25
Q

streak

A

The color of powder formed when a mineral is crushed

26
Q

Luster

A

The light that is reflected from a mineral.

27
Q

Metallic Luster

A

Luster is eater metallic or nonmetallic.

28
Q

viteous

A

A fancy way of saying Glassy Luster.

29
Q

What are the 10 minerals on Mohs scale of hardness?

A
  1. Talc 2. gypsum 3. calcite 4. fluorite 5. Apatite 6. Feldspar 7. Quartz 8. Topaz 9. Corundum 10. Diamond
30
Q

Crystal Form

A

The set geometric shape of a mineral in relationship to each other.

31
Q

What is the Law of Constancy of interfacial angles?

A

When minerals always form in the same geometric shape.

32
Q

cleavage

A

The ability of a mineral to break along preferred planes.

33
Q

Fracture

A

The way a substance breaks where not controlled by cleavage.

34
Q

Density

A

Weight per given volume.

35
Q

Specific Gravity

A

The ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water, determined at a specific temperature.

36
Q

Striations

A

Straight parallel lines on the flat surfaces of crystal faces.

37
Q

Precipitates

A

Products of crystallizing liquid.

38
Q

Sublimation

A

Minerals that crystallize directly from volcanic gases around volcanic vents.

39
Q

what is a Conchoidal Fracture?

A

When a mineral breaks and it looks like a clam shell

40
Q

Carbonites

A

Minerals that do not contain Silicon.

41
Q

What do Carbonates have in their chemical formula?

A

C0^3

42
Q

What do Sulfates have in their chemical formula?

A

S0^4

43
Q

What do Sulfides have in their chemical Formula?

A

S

44
Q

What is the unique property of oxides.

A

Oxides do not have oxygen bonded to silicon.

45
Q

What is unique about chlorides?

A

contains cl

46
Q

Native Elements

A

have only one Element in their formulas. Aka gold

Geology 111 (22 decks)

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