Chapter 3 Flashcards
Q: What is capitalism?
A: An economic system dominated by a supply and demand market designed to create capital and profit.
Q: What is colonialism?
A: The cultural domination of a power by larger, wealthier powers.
Q: What is imperialism?
A: A system in which one country controls other, less powerful territories through colonization, often augmented by military force.
Q: What is a small-scale society?
A: A community of several dozen to several hundred people usually held together by family (kinship) ties and often engaged in traditional subsistence activities.
Q: What is humanism?
A: “… A philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence (rationalism and empiricism) over acceptance of dogma or superstition”
Q: What is political economy?
A: A social structure that is organized around material (economic) interests, in which these interests are protected and enhanced through use of power (politics).
Q: What is “white man’s burden?”
A: Europeans’ sense that it was their duty to colonize, rule, and “civilize” all peoples they viewed as “savage.”
Q: What is decolonization?
A: The withdrawal of colonial power from a territory that had been under its control.
Q: What is neocolonialism?
A: The persistence of profound social and economic ties linking former colonial territories to their former colonial rulers despite political sovereignty.
Q: What are social forms?
A: Culturally confirming collective ways of interacting with our surroundings and the people we encounter; these forms of interaction, often taken for granted, are encoded forms of behavior that are enforced by the group.
Q: What is typology?
A: A classification system based on systematic organization into types on the basis of shared
Q: What is unilineal cultural evolutionism?
A: A nineteenth-century theory that proposed a series of stages through which all societies must go (or had gone) in order to reach civilization.
Q: What is historical particularism?
A: The study of cultures in their own historical contexts.
Q: What is social structure?
A: The enduring aspects of the society, including its political and kinship systems.
Q: What is a band?
A: A form of social organization that consists of a small group of foragers (usually fewer than 50 people), in which labor is divided according to age sex, and social relations are highly egalitarian.
