Chapter 3

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

the result of a complex set of psychological influences and external forces or conditions that cause a person to behave in a certain way while maintaining a certain level of effort and degree of persistence

Question 2

Flow

Answer 2

a state of intense concentration and complete engagement in a task, along with full use of one’s talents to accomplish the task

Question 3

Hope

Answer 3

a state of mind that includes optimism, an image of a future that is challenging but realistic, and a belief that we can do something to move toward this vision

Question 4

Resonant Environment

Answer 4

a work environment characterized by excitement, energy, optimism, efficacy, and hope

Question 5

Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 5

an internal sense of satisfaction derived from the work itself and or the desire to engage in activities even in the absence of external rewards in order to feel a sense of satisfaction to use or improve one’s abilities or to learn

Question 6

self determination theory

Answer 6

theory of motivation that is concerned with people’s need for empowerment and their need for relatedness

Question 7

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 7

motivation that is the result of forces or attractions outside of the self, such as material rewards, social status or avoidance of unpleasant consequences

Question 8

Locus of control

Answer 8

our perception of the degree to which we have control over what happens in our lives

Question 9

Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 9

a model stating that people are motivated to satisfy physiological, then safety, and security, then love and belonging, then self-esteem, and finally self-actualization

Question 10

ERG Theory

Answer 10

Theory that people are motivated to satisfy needs related to existence, relatedness, and growth, and these needs can all be activated at the same time

Question 11

Two Factor Theory

Answer 11

that two distinct sets of factors, called motivators and hygiene affect job satisfaction, motivation, and job dissatisfaction

Question 12

Motivators

Answer 12

factos that positively impact motivations such as the needs for recognition, responsibility, achievement, and opportunities for growth and development

Question 13

Three Needs Theory

Answer 13

stating that people are motivated by needs for achievement affiliation and power

Question 14

Need for Achievement

Answer 14

The desire to engage in challenging and complex activities, meet and exceed personal goals, and to seek excellence

Question 15

Need For Affiliation

Answer 15

the desire for warm, fulfilling and close personal relationships

Question 16

Need For Power

Answer 16

the desire to have influence, control, and responsibility, either directly or through social status

Question 17

Personalized Power

Answer 17

a need for power that drives people to seek control through assertiveness or aggressive behavior often for personal gain

Question 18

Socialized Power

Answer 18

An expressed need for poet that is based on a desire to support the welfare of others, a group, society, or the common good

Question 19

Prosocial Behavior

Answer 19

Any behavior that seeks to protect the welfare of society or the common good

Question 20

Equity Theory

Answer 20

stating that an individual’s level of motivation is a result of comparing personal inputs and outcomes, and also of comparing one’s efforts and rewards with others efforts and rewards

Question 21

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 21

a state of psychological Stress arising from the attempt to process conflicting ideas, attitudes, or beliefs

Question 22

Expectancy Theory

Answer 22

stating that motivation is affected by the relationships among effort and performance, performance and outcomes, and the perceived value of outcomes

Question 23

Effort

Answer 23

A person’s input, which will be affected by the person’s perception about whether the effort will lead to an acceptable level of performance

Question 24

Instrumentality

Answer 24

a person’s belief about the degree to which performance will result in realizing certain outcomes

Question 25

Valence

Answer 25

The placed on outcomes

Question 26

Goal Setting Theory

Answer 26

Theory which states that people are motivated by the process of identifying and achieving goals, and that the characteristics of these goals will have an impact on motivation, performance, and results

Question 27

SMART goals

Answer 27

describing goals that are specific, measurable, achievable, results based, and time-specific

Question 28

Operant conditioning theory

Answer 28

that learning and behavior changes occur when behavior is reinforced and when behavior is not reinforced or is punished it will eventually cease

Question 29

Reinforcement

Answer 29

consequences associated with behavior

Question 30

Social learning theory

Answer 30

stating that people learn new behaviors by observing others and that self-reinforcement and self efficacy support learning and behavior change

Question 31

Self Efficacy

Answer 31

degree to which a person belief that he or se is capable of successfully performing a behavior, accomplishing a task, or achieving a goal

Question 32

Individual Compensation

Answer 32

plan in which compensation is determined by considering an individual’s actions

Question 33

Group Compensation

Answer 33

a plan that bases an individual’s compensation on the performance of a group or groups and or the organization as a whole

Question 34

merit-based compensation

Answer 34

a plan in which compensation is determined by the level of performance of an individual or group

Question 35

Compensation Package

Answer 35

a plan in which wages, bonuses, and fringe benefits, are all monetized

Question 36

Compensation Schedule

Answer 36

a plan defining how payment structures and terms of payment are dispersed to employees

Question 37

Job Characteristics Model

Answer 37

Framework that states that people need certain qualities in their job to be intrinsically motivated and satisfied with their work

Question 38

Job enrichment

Answer 38

Building instrinsic motivators such as opportunities for learning, more control over how tasks are accomplished and leadership opportunities into the structure of a job

Question 39

Job enlargement

Answer 39

combining several jobs into one larger job

Question 40

Job Rotation

Answer 40

moving employees from one job or one job site to another to increase satisfaction and productivity

Question 41

Empathy

Answer 41

Accurately interpreting the emotions, needs, and desires of others