Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Metabolism

A
m—all	biochemical	reac.ons	in	a	
cell	
– Anabolic—energy	requiring	
– Catabolic—energy	releasing	
Macronutrients	
• Micronutrients
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2
Q

Nitrogen

A

(13%)
• NH3 commonly used as a nitrogen source
• Some can use NO3
-
• N2—nitrogen fixers
• What cellular compounds contain nitrogen?
– Amino acids, nitrogenous bases

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3
Q

Carbon

A

(50%)
• Autotrophs?
– Use CO2 as sole source of carbon, energy from
light or inorganic chemicals
• Heterotrophs?
– Requires organic carbon as sole source of carbon
• What cellular compounds contain carbon?
– Amino acids, faUy acids, organic acids, sugars,
nitrogen bases, aroma.c compounds, etc.

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4
Q

Other macronutrients

A
• Phosphorous	
– nucleic	acids,	phospholipids	
• Sulfur	
– cysteine,	methionine,	vitamins	
• Potassium	
– enzyme	ac.vity	
• Magnesium	
– stabilizes	ribosomes,	membranes,	nucleic	acids,	
enzyme	ac.vity	
• Calcium	
– stabiliza.on	of	cell	walls	and	endospores
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5
Q

Micronutrients

A

Iron—cellular respira.on, siderophores
• Manganese—replaces iron in some microbes
• Selenium—formate dehydrogenases (NAD+
and anaerobic metabolism, cytochromes in
electron transport chain)
• Others—cofactors for enzymes

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6
Q

Culture Media

A
Nutrient	solu.ons	used	to	grow	microbes	
• Chemically	defined—known	amounts	of	
purified	chemicals	
• Complex	(undefined)—digests	of	animal	or	
plant	products,	nutrient	composi.on	is	
unknown
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7
Q

Selective

A
contains	compounds	that	inhibit	the	
growth	of	some	microbes	but	not	others	
– An.bio.cs	
– Carbon	sources	
– Ex:	mannitol	salt	agar
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8
Q

Differential

A

an indicator allows for
differen.a.on of microbes as they grow
– pH indicator
– Ex: mannitol salt agar

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9
Q

Enriched

A

complex plus supplement, ex. blood

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10
Q

Colony

A

mass of cells origina.ng from a single

cell, grows on surface of medium

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11
Q

Laboratory culture: Agar

A
  • Polysaccharide from red algae
  • Melts at ~95°C and solidifies at ~45°C
  • Solidifies culture medium
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12
Q

Making a streak plate to obtain pure

cultures

A
  • Isolated colonies at end of streak

- Confluent growth at beginning of streak

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13
Q

Catabolic diversity

A
  • Chemoorganotroph

- Anaerobic respiration

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14
Q

Chemoorganotroph

A

— energy obtained by

oxida.on of organic compounds

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15
Q

Anaerobic respira.on

A

electron acceptor

other than oxygen

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16
Q

Chemolithotroph

A

energy obtained from
oxida.on of inorganic compounds, are also
autotrophs

17
Q

Phototrophy

A

energy obtained from light