Biotechnology microbiology Flashcards
Industrial microbiology
production of compounds that the microbes could already produce
– Large amounts – Antibiotics
Biotechnology
microbes altered by geneCc engineering to produce foreign compounds
– Small amounts – Human hormones
CharacterisCcs of industrially useful microbes
• Capable of growth and product formaCon in
large-‐‐scale culture • Spore producer • Rapid growth • Quick synthesis of product • Inexpensive culture medium
– Corn steep liquor – Whey
• Not pathogenic • Able to be geneCcally manipulated
Primary metabolite
directly involved in normal growth,
development, and reproducCon • Ethanol
Secondary metabolite—
• NOT directly involved
in normal growth, development, and reproducCon; forms near end of growth or
staConary phase • NonessenCal for
growth • OpCmal condiCons • ProducCon coupled with sporulaCon
• AnCbioCcs
Industrial microbiology
—fermentaCon—ANY large-‐‐scale microbial growth
IsolaCon of new anCbioCcs
15 years, $1 billion • Discovery to
clinical usage • Clinical trials • Analysis • FDA approval
Develop high-‐‐ yielding strains Purify from cells
TesCng for spectrum of acCvity of new anCbioCc
Clinically effecCve • Non-‐‐toxic
β-‐‐lactam anCbioCc producCon
Produced by Penicillium and Aspergillus sp.
Penicillin fermentaCon
40,000-‐‐200,000 L fermentaCons
• AeraCon
• Produced when carbon is nearly exhausted
• Corn steep liquor— nitrogen and growth factors
• Whey—lactose
Vitamin B12—synthesized only by
microbes
– Propionibacterium
Riboflavin
—needed in FAD and FMN (oxidaCon-‐‐reducCon)
– Ashbya
Microbial producCon of alcoholic beverages
Wine • Beer • DisClled spirits
Tannin
chemicals extracted into the juice from the grape skins during fermentaCon
Na2S2O5
sulfite used to kill wild yeasts
