Biotechnology microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Industrial microbiology

A

production of compounds that the microbes could already produce
– Large amounts – Antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Biotechnology

A

microbes altered by geneCc engineering to produce foreign compounds
– Small amounts – Human hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

CharacterisCcs of industrially useful microbes

A

•  Capable of growth and product formaCon in
large-‐‐scale culture •  Spore producer •  Rapid growth •  Quick synthesis of product •  Inexpensive culture medium
– Corn steep liquor – Whey
•  Not pathogenic •  Able to be geneCcally manipulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Primary metabolite

A

directly involved in normal growth,

development, and reproducCon •  Ethanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Secondary metabolite—

A

•  NOT directly involved
in normal growth, development, and reproducCon; forms near end of growth or
staConary phase •  NonessenCal for
growth •  OpCmal condiCons •  ProducCon coupled with sporulaCon
•  AnCbioCcs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Industrial microbiology

A

—fermentaCon—ANY large-‐‐scale microbial growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

IsolaCon of new anCbioCcs

A

15 years, $1 billion •  Discovery to
clinical usage •  Clinical trials •  Analysis •  FDA approval
Develop high-‐‐ yielding strains Purify from cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

TesCng for spectrum of acCvity of new anCbioCc

A

Clinically effecCve •  Non-‐‐toxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

β-‐‐lactam anCbioCc producCon

A

Produced by Penicillium and Aspergillus sp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Penicillin fermentaCon

A

40,000-‐‐200,000 L fermentaCons
•  AeraCon
•  Produced when carbon is nearly exhausted
•  Corn steep liquor— nitrogen and growth factors
•  Whey—lactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Vitamin B12—synthesized only by

A

microbes

– Propionibacterium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Riboflavin

A

—needed in FAD and FMN (oxidaCon-‐‐reducCon)

– Ashbya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Microbial producCon of alcoholic beverages

A

Wine •  Beer •  DisClled spirits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tannin

A

chemicals extracted into the juice from the grape skins during fermentaCon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Na2S2O5

A

sulfite used to kill wild yeasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

MalolacCc fermentaCon

A

malic acid to lacCc acid—occurs in barrels
–  Lactobacillus
–  Pediococcus–  Oenococcus
–  Acid tolerant (pH

17
Q

Biofuels

A

Biofuels
•  Fuels whose energy is derived from recent carbon fixaCon
•  Industrial producCon by Saccharomyces
•  Ethanol—burns clean •  Biodiesel—made from vegetable oil •  Algal fuels—produced from algae
•  U.S.—corn-‐‐derived fuels •  Brazil—sugar cane

18
Q

Gasohol

A

Ethanol added to gasoline •  10% ethanol •  E85: 85% ethanol, 15% gasoline

19
Q

Expressing mammalian genes in bacteria

A

Must be intron-‐‐free •  Clone mature mRNA •  cDNA synthesis

complementary DNA

20
Q

Expressing mammalian genes in bacteria

A

•  Must be intron-‐‐free
•  Deduce sequence of gene from amino acid sequence of protein
27
•  Insulin •  Interferon

21
Q

Fusion proteins

A

Strong, regulated promoter fused with gene for protein to be expressed
•  Signal sequence for secreCon

22
Q

Somatotrophin producCon

A

Lack results in dwarfism in humans
– Normal growth when supplemented with somatotrophin
– SCmulates lactaCon
•  rBST (recombinant bovine somatotrophin)— sCmulates milk producCon in cows