Chapter 1 Flashcards
Why is microbiology so great to study?
Microbes grow fast, they can grow to high density, and biochemical and genetic studies can be done using them.
What are the 7 properties of cellular life?
- Metabolism
- Growth
- Evolution
- Differentiation
- Communication
- Genetic exchange
- Motility
Microbial cells have _____ and _____ functions.
Catalytic; genetic
How does microorganism research contribute to understanding of humans?
It helps contributes to our understanding of disease processes, improved sanitary and public health processes, and the use of antibiotics.
How is microbiology found in agriculture?
Microbes are found in ruminant animals in order to break down cellulose. Microbes also fix nitrogen and sulfur.
Give an example of microbes being human symbionts.
The gut microbiome
What other ways are microbes used?
In food production and biofuel production
Robert Hooke
Discovered microorganisms (fungi) by creating a microscope
Antoni van Leeunwenhoek
Discovered bacteria by improving the microscrope
Louis Pasteur
Discovered the mechanism of fermentation, defeated spontaneous generation, created rabies and other vaccines, and came up with the principles of immunization
Ferdinand Cohn
Discovery of endospores
Robert Koch
Created Koch’s postulates, pure culture microbiology, and discovered agents of tuberculosis and cholera
List Koch’s postulates.
- The suspected pathogen must be present in all cases of the disease and absent from healthy animals.
- The suspected pathogen must be grown in pure culture.
- Cells from a pure culture of the suspected pathogen must cause disease in a healthy animal.
- The suspected pathogen must be reisolated and shown to be the same as the original.
Sergei Winogradsky
Chemolithotrophy and chemoautotrophy, nitrogen fixation, sulfur bacteria
Martinus Beijerinck
Created the enrichment culture technique, discovery of many metabolic groups of bacteria, created the concept of a virus
