Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Why is microbiology so great to study?

A

Microbes grow fast, they can grow to high density, and biochemical and genetic studies can be done using them.

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2
Q

What are the 7 properties of cellular life?

A
  1. Metabolism
  2. Growth
  3. Evolution
  4. Differentiation
  5. Communication
  6. Genetic exchange
  7. Motility
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3
Q

Microbial cells have _____ and _____ functions.

A

Catalytic; genetic

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4
Q

How does microorganism research contribute to understanding of humans?

A

It helps contributes to our understanding of disease processes, improved sanitary and public health processes, and the use of antibiotics.

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5
Q

How is microbiology found in agriculture?

A

Microbes are found in ruminant animals in order to break down cellulose. Microbes also fix nitrogen and sulfur.

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6
Q

Give an example of microbes being human symbionts.

A

The gut microbiome

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7
Q

What other ways are microbes used?

A

In food production and biofuel production

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8
Q

Robert Hooke

A

Discovered microorganisms (fungi) by creating a microscope

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9
Q

Antoni van Leeunwenhoek

A

Discovered bacteria by improving the microscrope

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10
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

Discovered the mechanism of fermentation, defeated spontaneous generation, created rabies and other vaccines, and came up with the principles of immunization

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11
Q

Ferdinand Cohn

A

Discovery of endospores

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12
Q

Robert Koch

A

Created Koch’s postulates, pure culture microbiology, and discovered agents of tuberculosis and cholera

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13
Q

List Koch’s postulates.

A
  1. The suspected pathogen must be present in all cases of the disease and absent from healthy animals.
  2. The suspected pathogen must be grown in pure culture.
  3. Cells from a pure culture of the suspected pathogen must cause disease in a healthy animal.
  4. The suspected pathogen must be reisolated and shown to be the same as the original.
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14
Q

Sergei Winogradsky

A

Chemolithotrophy and chemoautotrophy, nitrogen fixation, sulfur bacteria

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15
Q

Martinus Beijerinck

A

Created the enrichment culture technique, discovery of many metabolic groups of bacteria, created the concept of a virus

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16
Q

Basic microbiology vs Applied Microbiology

A

Basic microbiology is the study of hard sciences in the lab, but applied microbiology is using those hard sciences in real world, applicable settings.