Chapter 1

Question 1

Why is microbiology so great to study?

Answer 1

Microbes grow fast, they can grow to high density, and biochemical and genetic studies can be done using them.

Question 2

What are the 7 properties of cellular life?

Answer 2

1. Metabolism
2. Growth
3. Evolution
4. Differentiation
5. Communication
6. Genetic exchange
7. Motility

Question 3

Microbial cells have _____ and _____ functions.

Answer 3

Catalytic; genetic

Question 4

How does microorganism research contribute to understanding of humans?

Answer 4

It helps contributes to our understanding of disease processes, improved sanitary and public health processes, and the use of antibiotics.

Question 5

How is microbiology found in agriculture?

Answer 5

Microbes are found in ruminant animals in order to break down cellulose. Microbes also fix nitrogen and sulfur.

Question 6

Give an example of microbes being human symbionts.

Answer 6

The gut microbiome

Question 7

What other ways are microbes used?

Answer 7

In food production and biofuel production

Question 8

Robert Hooke

Answer 8

Discovered microorganisms (fungi) by creating a microscope

Question 9

Antoni van Leeunwenhoek

Answer 9

Discovered bacteria by improving the microscrope

Question 10

Louis Pasteur

Answer 10

Discovered the mechanism of fermentation, defeated spontaneous generation, created rabies and other vaccines, and came up with the principles of immunization

Question 11

Ferdinand Cohn

Answer 11

Discovery of endospores

Question 12

Robert Koch

Answer 12

Created Koch’s postulates, pure culture microbiology, and discovered agents of tuberculosis and cholera

Question 13

List Koch’s postulates.

Answer 13

1. The suspected pathogen must be present in all cases of the disease and absent from healthy animals.
2. The suspected pathogen must be grown in pure culture.
3. Cells from a pure culture of the suspected pathogen must cause disease in a healthy animal.
4. The suspected pathogen must be reisolated and shown to be the same as the original.

Question 14

Sergei Winogradsky

Answer 14

Chemolithotrophy and chemoautotrophy, nitrogen fixation, sulfur bacteria

Question 15

Martinus Beijerinck

Answer 15

Created the enrichment culture technique, discovery of many metabolic groups of bacteria, created the concept of a virus

Question 16

Basic microbiology vs Applied Microbiology

Answer 16

Basic microbiology is the study of hard sciences in the lab, but applied microbiology is using those hard sciences in real world, applicable settings.