Chapter 27 Flashcards
Selective toxicity
The ability to inhibit or kill a pathogen without affecting the host
What three things are antimicrobial drugs classified on the basis of?
- Molecular structure
- Mechanism of action
- Spectrum of antimicrobial activity
What kind of antimicrobial agents are often used in vivo?
Growth factor analogs, sulfa drugs, beta-lactams, protein synthesis inhibitors, Platensimycin, Daptomycin and polymyxin,
Growth factor analogs and sulfa drugs are…
synthetic.
Growth factor analogs are structurally similar to what?
To growth factors but do not function in the cell
Analogs are similar to…
vitamins, amino acids, and other compounds
Sulfa drugs where discovered when?
By Gerhard Domagk in the 1930’s
What do sulfa drugs do?
They inhibit growth of bacteria
Other synthetic antimicrobials
- Quinolones
- Also isoniazid for Mycobacteria
- Nucleic acid base analogs
Beta-lactam antibiotics are:
Penicillins and Cephalosporins
What is the most important group of antibiotics of all time?
Beta-lactams
What percentage of beta-lactams make up all antibiotics used worldwide?
Over half
Who discovered beta-lactams?
Alexander Fleming
What are beta-lactams primarily effective against?
Gram-positive bacteria
Some synthetic forms of beta-lactams are effective against…
some gram-negative bacteria
What do beta-lactams do?
Target cell wall synthesis
Many antibiotics effective against Bacteria are also produced by…
bacteria
What is an example of a Macrolide?
Erythromycin
Erythromycin
Broad-spectrum antibiotic that targets the 50% subunit of ribosome
What kind of use is tetracyclines?
Widespread medical use in humans and animals
What do tetracyclines do?
Broad-spectrum inhibition of protein synthesis; inhibits functioning of 30S ribosomal subunit
What are three protein synthesis inhibitors?
Tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin
What is Platensimycin?
New structural class of antibiotic