Chapter 3 Flashcards
culture
beliefs and actions that define a group of people’s way of life
population density
average number of people in a square mile
birthrate
number of live births each year per 1,000 people
immigrants
people who move into a country
emigrants
people who move out of a country
urbanization
growth of city populations - twice as fast as rural
rural
countryside
culture hearth
place where important ideas begin and spread to surrounding cultures
language
cornerstone of culture, allows people to communicate
religion
helps people answer basic questions about meaning and purpose of life
cultural convergence
skills, arts, ideas, habits, and institutions of one culture meet another culture
diffusion
culture is transmitted across distance from one group to another
cultural divergence
restriction of a culture from outside cultural influences
territory
a country’s territory includes land water and natural resources within its boundaries
sovereignty
a nation’s freedom from outside control
unitary system
one central government runs the nation
federation
some powers given to national government and some reserved for local governmnet
confederation
central government has very limited power
authoritarian government
leaders hold all political power
dictatorship
power is concentrated in a small group or single person
totalitarianism
government tries to control every part of society
monarchy
kings or queens inherit their position by being born into the ruling family
democracy
people choose their leaders and government
traditional economies
little trade between communities
market economy
great freedom to individuals and groups
command economy
economic system is controlled by single central government
