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TIMOTHY World geography > Chapter 19-20 > Flashcards

Chapter 19-20 Flashcards

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1
Q

National Identity

A

characteristics that make a nation

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2
Q

Holocaust

A

comes from a word that means a fire that burns something completely. Nazis massacred more than six million Jews and Poles during WWII

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3
Q

ghetto

A

an area of a city where Jews were forced to live during the Holocaust

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4
Q

Solidarity

A

an independent Polish workers’ labor union

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5
Q

velvet revolution

A

a revolution without bloodshed

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6
Q

privatization

A

the process of selling government-owned industries and businesses to private owners who can run them better

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7
Q

collective farms

A

in Slovakia, private ownership of farms ended, and and workers were paid by the government and shared the profits from their work

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8
Q

balkanize

A

to break up into small, mutually hostile political units

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9
Q

entrepreneurs

A

go-getters individuals who start and build business

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10
Q

multiplier effect

A

the effect an investment has in multiplying related jobs in an economy

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11
Q

taiga

A

land of little sticks - trees do not grow well

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12
Q

tundra

A

very cold, desert-like region, very small plants and animals

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13
Q

steppes

A

broad open stretches south of forests

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14
Q

chernozem

A

means “black earth” refers to soil in russian steppes

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15
Q

permafrost

A

permanently frozen soil

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16
Q

Siberia

A

the Asian expanse of Russia

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17
Q

Czars

A

russian kings. name comes from the title caesar

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18
Q

communism

A

government controls almost all aspects of life

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19
Q

soviet

A

governing council

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20
Q

glasnost

A

policy that allowed citizens and news media to say what they wanted without fear of government persecution

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21
Q

perestroika

A

economic restructuring from command economy to private ownership

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22
Q

command economy

A

one in which central authority decides what goods will be produced

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23
Q

Which group conquered the Poles most recently?

A

soviets?

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24
Q

Capital of Poland

A

Warsaw

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25
Q

most of Poland is covered by

A

farmland - open field

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26
Q

Before WWII how many Jews were in Poland?

A

more than 3 million

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27
Q

after WWII how many Jews lived in Poland?

A

about 9,000

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28
Q

Population of Jews changed because

A

almost all Polish Jews were killed by the Nazis during WWII

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29
Q

What happened in the Warsaw ghetto?

A

When the Jews in the Warsaw ghetto rebelled, the Nazis killed everyone living there and burned it to the ground

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30
Q

How many concentration camps in Poland?

A

six

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31
Q

Who took over Poland after the Nazis?

A

the soviets

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32
Q

The catholic Church

A

maintained unity for the Polish people

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33
Q

Solidarity

A

a Polish workers’ union that brought about the first free elections in 1989

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34
Q

Czech Republic Capital

A

Prague

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35
Q

1993

A

Czech Republic became a nation

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36
Q

Austrian Hapsburg Monarchs

A

ruled the czech people for nearly 400 years

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37
Q

the declining influence of soviet union in the 1980s spurred

A

the velvet revolution

38
Q

when did czechozlavakia peacefully split

A

1993

39
Q

two regions of the Czech Republic

A

Bohemia and Moravia

40
Q

Slovakia became and independent nation in

A

1993

41
Q

slovakia is also known as

A

Slovak Republic

42
Q

Capital of Slovakia

A

Bratislava

43
Q

traditionally an agricultural region

A

Slovakia

44
Q

Manufacturing in Slovakia was not important until

A

the communists came to power after WWII

45
Q

about 90% of Hungarians came from

A

Magyars

46
Q

Capital of Hungary

A

Budapest

47
Q

birth of Hungary

A

the year 1000 when the pope crowned king Stephen

48
Q

river that divides Hungary in two

A

Danube

49
Q

breadbasket of Europe

A

The Great Alfold (in Hungary)

50
Q

what process took place after WWI in the Balkans

A

Balkanize - to break up into small, mutually hostile political units

51
Q

Who ruled the Balkans for 500 years?

A

the Turks

52
Q

Capital of Romania

A

Bucharest

53
Q

who made small fortunes selling soft drinks in romania

A

entrepreneurs

54
Q

multiplier effect n soft drink example

A

new jobs were added

55
Q

Capital of Bulgaria

A

Sofia

56
Q

known as the garden of Eastern Europe

A

Bulgaria

57
Q

Capital of Albania

A

Tirana

58
Q

known as Europe’s hermit

A

Albania

59
Q

3 countries that make up Baltic States

A

Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania

60
Q

Baltic states benefit from

A

location

61
Q

Capital of Russia

A

Moscow

62
Q

largest country in terms of land area

A

Russia

63
Q

mountain range that divides Europe and Asia

A

Ural Mountains

64
Q

highest mountain range in RUssia

A

Caucasus Mountains

65
Q

Ural Mountains important because

A

valuable minerals

66
Q

Europe’s longest River

A

Volga River

67
Q

World’s largest lake

A

the Caspian Sea

68
Q

two types of climate in most of Russia

A

subarctic or continental

69
Q

National symbol of Russia

A

brown bear

70
Q

chernozem

A

“black earth” found in steppes

71
Q

Siberia

A

Asian expanse of Russia

72
Q

Natural resources in Siberia

A

hard to gather because of harsh climate and terrain

73
Q

Monguls (Tatars and Golden Horde)

A

took over Russia in 1237, ruled for 150 years

74
Q

Russian princes

A

Czars

75
Q

Peter the Great

A

moved russian capital to St. Petersburg

76
Q

Catherine the great

A

extended russian control to the west

77
Q

Napolean

A

Challenged Russia in 1812, failed partly because of harsh winter

78
Q

serfdom

A

abolished in 1861

79
Q

February 1917

A

severe food shortage and russian defeats in WWI led to riots in st. Petersburg

80
Q

during St petersburg riots, czar abdicated his throne when

A

government troops joined riots

81
Q

New government built principles on

A

Karl Marx’s ideas

82
Q

communism

A

government controls all aspects of life

83
Q

Supreme soviet located at

A

Moscow

84
Q

soviet

A

governing councils

85
Q

standard of living remained poor in Soviet Russia

A

no freedom

86
Q

June 1941

A

German troops attack Russia, failed partly because of harsh winters

87
Q

Russians called WWII

A

Great Patriotic War - more than 20 million russians died

88
Q

Cold War

A

Russia and US compete for power and strength

89
Q

Mikhail GOrbachev

A

brought new freedoms to Russia (Glasnost and Perestroika)

90
Q

First democratic election in Russia

A

1991 - Boris Yeltsin

91
Q

Russian President today

A

Vladimir Putin

TIMOTHY World geography (15 decks)

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