chapter 3 & 4 Flashcards
This is long & thin; its a fiber that runs the entire length (examples: sartorus & sternocleidomastoid)?
Strap
It is spindle in shape which is wide in the middle & tapered at the ends?
Example: biceps
Fusiform
It is four sided & flat
exapmple: rhomboid
Rhomboidal
Flat, fan shaped, radiating from a narrow attachment?
Example: pect major
Triangular
This looks like a one sided feather?
Example: tibialis posterior
Unipennate
This lo I s like a common feather?
Example: interossei or gastrocnemius
Bipennate
This convers many tendons?
Example: deltoid
Multipennate
This moves toward the origin?
Insertion
The stable unmoving arm?
Origin
What are the 4 characteristics of muscle?
Irritability, contractibility, extensibility, & elasticity
What is the ability to respond to a stimulus?
Irritability
What is the ability to shorten or contract?
Contractibility
What is the ability of a muscle to stretch or lengthen when force is applied?
Extensibility
What is the ability to recoil or return to normal resting length when stretching or shortening force is removed?
Elasticity
What is the distance from maximum elongation to maximum shortening?
Excursion
What is the inability of a muscle to shorten enough to cause motion simultaneously at both joints it passes called?
Active insufficiency
What is the inablilty of a muscle to further lengthen to provide full ROM at both joints called?
Passive insufficiency
What are the 3 types of muscle contractions?
Isometrics, isotonic, & isokinetic
When muscles contract, producing force without changing the lengthen of the muscle?
Example: holding weights
Isometric
When muscle contracts, changing the muscle length & the joint angle
Isotonic
When the resistance varies but the velocity stays the same, & ONLY done with special equipment
Isokinetic
This movement occurs against gravity, brings things closer together, & is a raising motion
Concentric
This movement occurs against gravity, brings things farhter apart & is the loweing motion
Eccentric
What is the muslce or muscle group that causes the motion?
Agonist
What are the muscles that perform the opposite motion of the agonist?
Antagonist
What happens when the agonist & the antagonist contract at the same time?
Cocontraction
The factors associated with nonmoving or nearly nonmoving systems
Statics
The factors associated with moving systems
divided: kinetics & kinematics
Dynamics
This deals with the manner in which bones move in space & without regard to the movement of joint surfaces
Osteokinematics
This deals with the manner in which adjoining joint surfaces move in relation to each other?
( in the same or opposite directions)
Arthrokinematics
The description of motion with regard to what causes motion?
Kinetics
An object at rest, tends to stay at rest; whike an object in motion tends to stay in motion?
Newtons 1st law: law of inertia
1) the amount of acceleration depends on the strength of the force applied to an object
2) acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass of an object
Newtons 2nd law: law of acceleration
For every action there is an equak & opposite reaction
Newtons 3rd law: law of action-reaction
What is a rigid bar that can rotate about a fixed point when force is applied to overcome resistance
Lever
What is the distance between the force and the axis?
Moment arm
