Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what are traits

A

relatively stable tendencies of individuals

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2
Q

lexical hypothesis

A

idea that there is a word to describe any individual difference in personality in every language/culture

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3
Q

ideas of the lexical hypothesis

A

most important traits are represented by single words, factor analysis correlates responses into clusters, lead to five major traits

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4
Q

what are the big five

A

openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism (OCEAN)

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5
Q

what are facets of the big five

A

subcategories of the big five traits, show diversity of characteristics and help avoid misunderstandings

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6
Q

range of personality traits

A

scores found on a continuum, is dimensional not dichotomous

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7
Q

facets for openness

A

fantasy, actions, aesthetics, ideas, feelings, values

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8
Q

facets for conscientiousness

A

competence, order, dutifulness, achievement striving, self-discipline, deliberation

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9
Q

facets of extroversion

A

warmth, gregariousness, assertiveness, activity, excitement-seeking, positive emotions

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10
Q

facets of agreeableness

A

trust, straightforwardness, altruism, compliance, modesty, tendermindedness

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11
Q

facets of neuroticism

A

anxiety, hostility, depression, self-consciousness, impulsivity, vulnerability

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12
Q

tendencies of high extroversion

A

prefer to be with people, want to be leaders, more active, more happiness, seek stimulation and excitement

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13
Q

tendencies of low extroversion

A

prefer quiet and solitude, would rather interact with close friends and family

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14
Q

cultural differences with extroversion

A

Americans tend to score higher on extroversion, idea of getting routine joy from social factors is a western concept

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15
Q

tendencies of high agreeableness

A

trusting and sympathetic, cooperation rather than competition, honest, forthright, humble, self-effacing, compliant, good friends and caring romantic partners

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16
Q

tendencies of disagreeableness (antagonism)

A

skeptical, cynical, dishonest, aggressive, grandiose, egocentric, manipulative, callous, more likely to do crime/unprotected sex/drug abuse, antisocial behavior, can be motivating, more likely to have hostile attribution bias

17
Q

hostile attribution bias

A

perceiving actions or words to be more hostile and intentional than they are

18
Q

tendencies of high conscientiousness

A

high willpower, organized, work hard toward goals despite distraction or boredom, good mental and physical health, academic and professional success

19
Q

tendencies of low conscientiousness

A

impulsivity, easily distracted, unorganized, less ambitious, more likely to do drugs/alcohol/crime/risky sex/gambling

20
Q

tendencies of high neuroticism

A

negative emotions, especially intense negative emotions, more likely to take medications/drugs/alcohol to improve mood, more prone to mental health issues (including substance abuse and eating disorders)

21
Q

physical health issues associated with higher neuroticism

A

heart issues, obesity, IBS

22
Q

tendencies of high openness

A

trying new things, playing with complex ideas, liberal and interested in social activism, consider alternative perspectives and beliefs

23
Q

tendencies of low openness

A

prefer routine, value status quo, favor traditional and conventional activities, conservative

24
Q

misconception about neuroticism

A

often has negative connotation but it means more of the intensity of emotions experienced

25
one way that each of the big five traits can help you
O - creativity C - planning and hard work E - connecting with others A - getting along with others N - awareness of danger
26
how is the big five used within personality research
incorporates traits used into other personality models, measure with statements rather than adjectives
27
largest flaw in personality tests like the big five
does not measure the whole person
28
the big five in other cultures
translated into 28 languages, across 56 nations, shows clusters of domains of extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness