Chapter 14 Flashcards
mental disorder definition
pattern of mental symptoms causing significant problems in life (psychopathology/mental illness), cause distress beyond what is normal
medical student syndrome
students learn about mental disorders and see them everywhere, can also happen to psych students
personality disorders definition
extreme and inflexible personality configurations that lead to significant impairment, often diagnosed with personality disorders and another mental illness
requirements to meet diagnosis of a personality disorder
problems in most aspects of life, inflexible in behavior, experiencing major life problems, signs of personality disorder since adolescence, behaviors not due to another mental disorder, behaviors not due to another physical disorder
how PDs can be diagnosed
structured clinical interview, use specific, well-validated questions, which is more reliable than semi/unstructured interviews, use DSM (diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders) published by the APA
Cluster A
(odd-eccentric) Paranoid PD, Schizoid PD, Schizotypal PD
Paranoid PD
paranoid, suspicious, trouble trusting friends, hostile attribution bias
Schizoid PD
detachment from close relationships, lack of pleasure in life, no interest in forming relationships
Schizotypal PD
problematic social relationships, odd/eccentric thinking, ideas of reference (belief that certain aspects of external world have special meaning), unusual beliefs in psychic powers/body illusion (thinking parts of their body are not under their control), out of body experience
Cluster B
Antisocial PD, Borderline PD, Histrionic PD
Antisocial PD
unwillingness to follow social norms and obey authority, law-breaking and risky, irresponsible behavior
Borderline PD
unstable emotions fluctuating self-esteem, turbulent relationships, see relationships vary between very positive then negative, more likely toward suicide, feels empty inside so engage in destructive behaviors to feel something
Histrionic PD
dramatic and attention-seeking, seems like a diva, dramatic and inappropriately sexual
Cluster C
Avoidant PD, Dependent PD, Obsessive-Compulsive PD
Avoidant PD
socially anxious and withdrawn, trouble starting and maintaining a relationship due to fear of rejection
Dependent PD
need to be cared for or dependent upon another, unable to make decisions without approval of someone else, need tremendous amount of reassurance
Obsessive-Compulsive PD
overly concerned with being perfect/orderly, trouble working with others, and adapting to situations due to need for control
personality and the big 5
people with PD often are high in neuroticism, more anxious, callous, hostile, depressive, grandiose, manipulative, extraversion and conscientiousness vary, openness to experience is unrelated
borderline PD personality and the big 5
difficulty in emotional regulation, especially controlling anxiety and negative self-thoughts, high neuroticism, low agreeableness and conscientiousness
schizoid PD and the big 5
little desire to connect with the social world, low in traits, very low in extraversion
dependent PD and the big 5
need to be cared for, high in neuroticism and agreeableness, low extraversion
how personality disorders develop
genetic factors make up half of variation in PD, identical twins are more likely to suffer same PD, parenting plays a role with negative childhood making PDs more likely as an adult
PD symptoms over time and prominence
lessen as people mature, peak during early adolescence, men 2x more likely to have personality disorder (5x more likely in cluster A)
personality disorders across cultures
little research on variation across cultures, one study found low PD rates in Western Europe and higher rates in US
PID-5 diagnostic model
personality inventory for DSM-5, capture more extreme and pathological behaviors (NDAIP)
NDAIP acronym
negative affectivity (extreme neuroticism)
detachment (extreme introversion)
antagonism (extreme low agreeableness)
disinhibition (extreme low conscientiousness)
psychoticism (extreme openness to experience)
