Chapter 13

Question 1

relationships

Answer 1

personalities are central to them, determine who you are attracted to and what you like in a friend

Question 2

attachment

Answer 2

building blocks of a relationship, link between child and primary caregiver

Question 3

childhood attachment

Answer 3

eventually becomes internalized, which shapes party of personality and sets stage for relationships/attitudes toward the world

Question 4

Harlow’s rhesus money experiment

Answer 4

1959, raised baby rhesus monkeys with cloth or wire mothers, even when provided food by wire mother they still preferred cloth mother, monkeys with wire mothers had significantly more social problems

Question 5

attachment styles

Answer 5

way that an individual attaches/relates to others, based on relationship with parents, developed to best suit their environment (contextual functionality)

Question 6

secure attachment

Answer 6

trusting and open, when caregiver is source of comfort, best outcomes, positive view of self and others

Question 7

anxious attachment

Answer 7

uncertain, clingy, when caregiver is unreliable, child may be more difficult to comfort, negative view of self and positive view of others

Question 8

avoidant attachment

Answer 8

child avoids closeness and may be uncomfortable with emotional intimacy, when caregiver is consistently unavailable or abusive, positive self-view, negative view of others

Question 9

fearful attachment

Answer 9

dependent on others, but uncomfortable with intimacy, fear of being rejected, negative view of self and others

Question 10

strange situation

Answer 10

used to test attachment in young children, separate from parent and see how child reacts when they return
secure = smile and happy
anxious = keep crying and hard to comfort
avoidant = look away and won’t acknowledge mother

Question 11

attachment in adult relationships

Answer 11

shaped by childhood, anxious attachment = high neuroticism, low conscientiousness
avoidant attachment = low extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness
stable, positive relationship can increase attachment security

Question 12

dimensional approach to attachment

Answer 12

rather than having a particular attachment style, they are placed on 2 attachment dimensions (anxiety and avoidance) - combine to make secure, preoccupied, dismissing, and fearful attachment

Question 13

big 5 and relationship satisfaction

Answer 13

high agreeableness and conscientiousness, lower in neuroticism = kind, stable, dutiful
high extraversion = good and making relationships… all these make a lot of sense
high openness = more likely to do self-expansion

Question 14

self-expansion theory

Answer 14

people want to expand experience and extend identities which motivates us to enter relationships, incorporate other’s interests into ourselves

Question 15

Newcomb 1961 Housing Study

Answer 15

phantom stranger, where participant evaluates other person’s response and the more shared values, the more they liked them - no evidence of opposites attract, BUT also no similarity effect found for big 5

Question 16

3 positive forces in relationships

Answer 16

empathy, compassion, self-control

Question 17

empathy

Answer 17

ability to understand and feel experiences another person is having, important for relationships and forgiveness, encourages helping behaviors and diminishes hurting behaviors

Question 18

compassion

Answer 18

wanting to remove suffering/help those in need, motivation to ease suffer (but not feeling their emotions)

Question 19

self-control

Answer 19

aspect of conscientiousness, help to do right thing for partner and accommodating/responding in constructive way, less likely to engage in hurtful behavior

Question 20

dark triad, 3 negative forces in relationships

Answer 20

psychopathy, Machiavellianism, narcissism

Question 21

psychopathy

Answer 21

lack of empathy mixed with impulsivity, not affected by suffering of others because don’t understand it

Question 22

Machiavellianism

Answer 22

lack of empathy and willingness to exploit others, unemotional and ignore conventional morality

Question 23

narcissism

Answer 23

lack of empathy and sense of grandiosity, care only about themselves and preserving positive self-image

Question 24

behaviors typical of those high in the dark triad traits

Answer 24

more likely to take game playing approach or pursue those already in relationships, short-term relationships, narcissism - mate poaching

Question 25

online relationships/social media and personality

Answer 25

tinder = more extraverted, less conscientiousness
unknown effectiveness for forming relationships, physical attractiveness is largest predictor

Question 26

Hatfield (Walster) et al. 1966 Computer Dance Study

Answer 26

matched freshmen with random partner and told it was based on compatibility, only predictor was physical attractiveness

Question 27

personality and social media

Answer 27

personality’s on Facebook look lots like real self (except some neuroticism), people who self-enhance in-person do it online too, certain traits do better online like narcissism and extraversion