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Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The Forces within a structural support system that resist applied loads

A

Reactions R

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2
Q

When a structural support system can support a load equal to or greater than the applied load what exists

A

Equilibrium

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3
Q

What are 4 Forces that may impact the structural design

A

Gravity Most common
Vibrations
Temperature
Shrinkage

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4
Q

What are 3 Stresses that may impact the structural design

A

Tension
compression
Shear

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5
Q

what Stress Pulls the material apart referred to as tensile stress

A

Tension Stress

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6
Q

what stress Squeezes the material referred to as compressive stress

A

Compression Stress

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7
Q

what stress Slides one plane of a material pas an adjacent plane

A

Shear Stress

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8
Q

What are 8 Loads that may impact the structural design

A

Live Load
Dead Load
Static Load
Dynamic load
Concentrated and Distributed load
Rain and Snow Load
Water load
Wind load

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9
Q

load applied to the center of the cross section of a member and perpendicular to that cross section. It can be either tensile or compressive and creates uniform stresses across the cross section of the material

A

Axial Load

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10
Q

Load perpendicular to the cross section of the structural member but which dose not pass through the center of the cross section. may be both tensile and compressive

A

Eccentric load

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11
Q

Load applied off center from the cross section of the structural component and at a angel to or in the same plane as the cross section, produces a twisting effect that creates shear stresses in a material

A

Torsional Load

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12
Q

load that Involve motion and are capable of delivering energy greatly in excess of the weight of the object involved.

A

Dynamic load also know as Shock loading

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13
Q

What load Highly localized forces and non uniform loads in the supporting structural members

A

Concentrated and Distributed load

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14
Q

Water a depth of 3 inches adds

A

Static load of 21 pounds per square foot

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15
Q

Negative Pressure wind load

A

Wind may produce a suction effect on the downwind side of the building resulting in outward pressure

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16
Q

Complex Factors to wind loads

A

Building Height

Surrounding terrain

Adjacent urban development

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17
Q

Three buildings or sites that wind forces are particularly dangerous against walls with insufficient support are

A

Construction sites
Demolitions sites
Fire damaged Buildings

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18
Q

what Is a structural member that carries loads perpendicular to its longitudinal dimension

A

Beam

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19
Q

what beam is Supported beneath both ends and free to rotate

A

Simply Supported beams

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20
Q

What beam is supported at one end and must be able to support a vertical load in addition to resisting bending stresses

A

Cantilever Beams

21
Q

What beam is Similar to cantilever beams but with additional support

A

Overhanging Beams

22
Q

What beam may span several vertical supports

A

Continuous beams

23
Q

Describe An I Beam

A

Top Flange
Middle horizontal line (Web)
Bottom Flange

24
Q

What part of the I beam carries compressive stresses

A

Top Flange

25
What part of the I beam Carries tensile stresses
Bottom Flange
26
Structural members designed to support an axial load are
Columns
27
What is a curved structural member with primarily compressive interior stresses
Arch
28
How do tall thin columns fail
by buckling or short
29
How do Squat columns fail
By crushing
30
IF the supports at the ends of the arches shift because of settling soil or thermal expansion what stresses my develop
Bending Stresses
31
Cables are essentially straight however a cable to support loads over distance will a assume a
Curved Shape
32
Farmed structural units made up of a group of triangles in one plane
Trusses
33
Top and Bottom members of the trusses are call
Chords
34
The middle section of the trusses are called
Web or Diagonals
35
Lightweight steel trusses also used for floor and roof construction in fire resistive and non combustible construction are call
Bar Joists
36
Connectors used in Steal trusses (3)
Steel gusset plates Rivets Welds
37
5 Connectors used in wood trusses
Pins or bolts Gusset plates Structural adhesives Brackets Metal Straps
38
Failure of a connector will result in what
Failure of of the whole truss
39
Load bearing system constructed with skeletal frame and reinforcement between a column and beam
Rigid Frame
40
Three dimensional truss structures are call
Spaced Frames
41
What walls are commonly placed at the exterior of a structure but they may also include internal walls are called
Load Bearing walls
42
Framing uses a series of vertical elements to support horizontal elements that carry transverse load are called
Post and Beam Construction
43
Post and Beam Construction also requires the addition of other members such as ____ to with stand ______`
Diagonal braces and lateral loads
44
What is a distinctive characteristic of post and beam framing
is the spacing of the vertical posts and cross sectional dimensions of the members because the dimensions are often greater then used in stud wall construction for example post must be 6x8 when supporting roofs only
45
what is a structural system characterized by columns and beams reinforced to transmit the bending stress through the joints and buildings are often single story in height and with a gabled Roof
Rigid Frame Structure
46
Because of the high stress load of Slab and Column frames the intersection between the slab and column is usually reinfored by additional material in the form of
A drop panel and Capital
47
what structure is similar to fabric tents but differ in that they are intended to be permanent structures
Membrane Structures
48
what structure is rigid three dimensional structure having thin components as compared to other structural material dimensions
Shell structures
49
What are types of commonly encountered composite structural systems
concrete steel composite Reinforced concrete Cable stayed bridges Pre engineered buildings

BC (10 decks)

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