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Psych 202 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Neurons

A

cells in nervous system that communicate with each other to perform information processing tasks

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2
Q

Cell Body

A

coordinates information - processing tasks and keeps cell alive

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3
Q

Dendrites

A

receive info from other neurons and relay to cell body

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4
Q

Axon

A

carries info through neuron to other neurons, or muscle glands

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5
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

insulating layer on axon

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6
Q

glial cells

A

support cells in neurons system (make up myelin sheath, allow for faster/more efficient info transfer)

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7
Q

sensory neurons

A

receive info from world and convey to brain via spinal cord (light sound taste touch)

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8
Q

motor neurons

A

carry signals from spinal cord to muscles

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9
Q

interneurons

A

connect sensory, motor, or other interneurons

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10
Q

resting potentials

A

difference in charge inside and outside of cell
K+ and A- more abundant inside
Na+ more abundant outside

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11
Q

action potential

A

electrical signal conducted along length of axon to a synapse
(all or nothing, either threshold to start action potential is met or not (not difference it strengths))
-Na+ flows in and increases charge in inside
-influx of Na+ caused more channels to open and keeps action potential going

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12
Q

refractory period

A

time following action potential when new action potential can’t be initiated
- Na+ channels close
- K+ channels open and K+ flows out to restore internal negative charge
-pumps push out Na+ and take in K+ to restore ion balance

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13
Q

terminal buttons

A

end of axons, filled with neruotranmitters

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14
Q

neurotransmitter

A

chemical that transmit info to receiving dendrites

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15
Q

receptors

A

parts of cell membrane that receive neurotransmitters to active or prevent new electrical signal

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16
Q

three possibilities in synpase

A

neurotransmitters…
1. absorbed by terminal buttons on cell it just came from (reuptake)
2. broken down by enzymes
3. drift away

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17
Q

agonistic

A

increase action of neurotranmitters

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18
Q

antagonistic

A

diminish function of neurotranmitters

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19
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord
receive info from external world and processes/coordinates, send to to skeletal and muscular systems

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20
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

connects central ns to body’s organs and muscles

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21
Q

somatic pns

A

set of nerves that convey info between voluntary muscles and central ns

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22
Q

autonomic pns

A

set of nerves that carry involuntary and automatic commands to blood vessels

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23
Q

sympatic autonomic pns

A

nerves that prepares body for action (flight or fight)

24
Q

parasympatic autonomic pns

A

helps body return to resting state

25
Q

spinal reflexes

A

simple pathways in ns that generale muscles contratctions (come from spinal cord not brain)

26
Q

Hindbrain

A

coordinates info coming into and out of spinal cord

27
Q

Medulla

A

Hindbrain
extension of spinal cord, coordinates heart rate, circulation, respiration

28
Q

Reticular Formation

A

Hindbrain
regulates sleep wakefulness, levels of arousal

29
Q

Cerebellum

A

Hindbrain
controls fine motor skills (sequence of motions, fine tuning of behavior)

30
Q

Pons

A

Hindbrain
relays info from cerbellum to rest of brain

31
Q

Forebrain

A

complex cognitive, emotional, sensory, and motor functions

32
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

outermost layer of brain, divided into to hempispheres

33
Q

Organization Across Hemispheres

A

control opposite sides of body
connected by commissures(bundle of axons)

34
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Forebrain CC
process visual information
(sensory receptors - eyes, thalamus - occipital lobe)

35
Q

Tectum

A

Midbrain
orients and organism in environment
moves body towards stimulus

36
Q

Tegmentum

A

Midbrain
movement, arousal, orients organism to sensory stimuli

37
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Forebrain CC
responsible for hearing and language
turns sounds into meaningful units

38
Q

parietal lobe

A

Forbrain CC
process info about touch

39
Q

frontal lobe

A

Forebrain CC
specialized areas for movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory, judgment

40
Q

subcoritical strucutres

A

areas of forebrain housed in serebral cortex

41
Q

thalamus

A

Forbrain SS
realys and filters information from the senses and transmits the in formation to the central cortex
-everything except smell
-filters info then relays it
-closes pathways during sleep

42
Q

hypothalmus

A

Frobrain SS
regulates body temp, hunger, thierst, sexual behavior

43
Q

hippocampus

A

Frobrain SS
creates new memories and integreates them into a network of knowlegde so they can be sotred infeinitley in other parts of the brain

44
Q

Amygdala

A

Frobrain SS
central role in emotional process, particualry formation of emotional memories

45
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Forbrain SS
directs intetentioal movement

46
Q

Endocrine System

A

network of glands that produce a secrete into bloodstream chemical messages wihchi influence a wide variesty of basic funcitons (metabolism, grown, develpoment)

47
Q

Pituitary Glad

A

master glad of hormone stystem
release hormons that effect other glads

48
Q

Brain Plastcity

A

sensory coritces are not fixed
fuctions that are assgined to certain areas of brains are capable of being reassigned to other areas to accomidate changing input form enviorment (fantom limbs, practice makes perfect)

49
Q

Genes

A

major unito fo hereditary transmission

50
Q

Epigenetics

A

study of enviormental indluences that determien how/f gesne are expressed

51
Q

acetycholine

A

control muscles when out in body
control attention when in the brain (alzhemers)

52
Q

norepienpherine

A

contorl of arousal, wakefulness, exctied feeling

53
Q

dopamine

A

pleasure and reward
motor behavior from brain, initiation of movement (parkensons)

54
Q

serotonin

A

mood, appetite, sleep, dreaming, linked to mood disorders

55
Q

GABA

A

inhibitory, calm us down, slow down

56
Q

Glutamate

A

excitatory

57
Q

Endorphins

A

naturally occuring opeiods relife of pain pleasure

Psych 202 (12 decks)

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